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Topical ester local anaesthetic Pregnancy: Verbatim UK SPC 4.6: 'Safety for use in pregnancy and lactation has not been established, therefore, use only when considered essential by the physician.'

Proxymetacaine hydrochloride

Brand names: Minims proxymetacaine

Proxymetacaine hydrochloride is a topical ophthalmic local anaesthetic used to provide short-lived corneal and conjunctival anaesthesia for procedures such as tonometry, foreign body removal and corneal sampling.

Adult dose

Dose: Topical ocular anaesthesia (adults, including the elderly) — Tonometry: instil 1 or 2 drops immediately before measurement. Removal of a foreign body: instil 1 or 2 drops prior to operating. Removal of sutures: instil 1 or 2 drops 2 to 3 minutes before removal of stitches. Deep anaesthesia: instil 1 drop every 5 to 10 minutes for 5 to 7 applications.
Route: Topical (ophthalmic) — instil into the conjunctival sac of the eye to be anaesthetised, using proxymetacaine hydrochloride 0.5% w/v eye drops solution. Each Minims unit should be discarded after a single use. A period of at least one minute should be allowed after administration before any other topical agent is given. Do not use if the solution is more than pale yellow in colour.
Frequency: A single instillation of 1 or 2 drops immediately before the procedure for tonometry, foreign-body removal and suture removal. For deep anaesthesia, 1 drop repeated every 5 to 10 minutes for a total of 5 to 7 applications.
SOURCE IDENTITY — EXACT MATCH. The fetched product is 'Minims Proxymetacaine Hydrochloride 0.5% w/v, Eye drops solution' (UK SPC via eMC, product 3745). || VERBATIM UK SPC 4.2: 'Adults (including the elderly) and children: Deep anaesthesia: Instil 1 drop every 5 - 10 minutes for 5 - 7 applications. Removal of sutures: Instil 1 or 2 drops 2 to 3 minutes before removal of stitches. Removal of foreign bodies: Instil 1 or 2 drops prior to operating. Tonometry: Instil 1 or 2 drops immediately before measurement. Do not use if the solution is more than pale yellow in colour. Each Minims unit should be discarded after a single use A period of at least one minute should be allowed after administration of Minims Proxymetacaine hydrochloride 0.5%, before subsequent administration of other topical agents.' || SCOPE: this 4.2 is COMPLETE in the bundle (no truncation marker anywhere in this bundle) and lists every licensed procedure regimen the product carries — all four are quoted above, so nothing licensed has been omitted. || WHY maxDose IS DELIBERATELY UNPOPULATED: 4.2 states no maximum dose. The only ceiling the label gives is the '5 - 7 applications' limit that belongs INSIDE the deep-anaesthesia regimen, which is stated in the dose text above; it is not a ceiling for the single-instillation procedures and must not be applied to them, so it has not been promoted to a page-level maximum. || NOT FOR LONG TERM USE (4.4): 'Regular and prolonged use of topical ocular anaesthetics e.g. in conjunction with contact lens insertion, may cause softening and erosion of the corneal epithelium, which could produce corneal opacification with accompanying loss of vision.' || MISCIBILITY (4.4): 'Minims Proxymetacaine hydrochloride is not miscible with fluorescein, however, fluorescein can be added to the eye after it has been anaesthetised with Minims Proxymetacaine hydrochloride.' || Systemic absorption may be reduced by compressing the lacrimal sac at the medial canthus for a minute during and following instillation. Use with caution in an inflamed eye, as hyperaemia greatly increases the rate of systemic absorption through the conjunctiva. Tonometers soaked in sterilising or detergent solutions should be thoroughly rinsed with sterile distilled water prior to use. || 4.5 Interactions, verbatim and in full: 'None stated.'

Paediatric dose

Route: Topical (ophthalmic) — instil into the conjunctival sac; single-use Minims unit discarded after use
Frequency: As for adults — a single instillation immediately before the procedure, or 1 drop every 5 to 10 minutes for 5 to 7 applications for deep anaesthesia
THIS IS THE LABEL'S OWN PAEDIATRIC WORDING, NOT A SCALED ADULT FIGURE — section 4.2 addresses 'Adults (including the elderly) and children' together in one regimen and gives no separate paediatric figure: tonometry 1 or 2 drops immediately before measurement; foreign-body removal 1 or 2 drops prior to operating; suture removal 1 or 2 drops 2 to 3 minutes before removal; deep anaesthesia 1 drop every 5 to 10 minutes for 5 to 7 applications. || ⚠️ CONTRAINDICATED IN PREMATURE BABIES, verbatim 4.3: 'In view of the immaturity of the enzyme system which metabolises the ester type local anaesthetics in premature babies, this product should be avoided in these patients.' || dosePerKg and concentration are deliberately left unpopulated: this is a drop-count topical preparation and the label contains no per-kilogram figure and no dosing concentration — neither has been invented. || 4.4 advises compressing the lacrimal sac at the medial canthus for a minute during and following instillation to reduce systemic absorption, noting 'It is especially advisable in children.' Protect the eye from rubbing, irritating chemicals and foreign bodies during the period of anaesthesia; children should be kept from touching the eye until the anaesthesia has worn off. Verify any paediatric use against a children's formulary.

Dose independently re-sourced from UK Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) via the eMC — clinician-reviewed. Always confirm against the product SmPC and your local formulary before prescribing.

Contraindications

  • Known hypersensitivity to any component of the preparation — 'Do not use in patients with a known hypersensitivity to any component of the preparation'
  • Premature babies — 'In view of the immaturity of the enzyme system which metabolises the ester type local anaesthetics in premature babies, this product should be avoided in these patients'
  • Not a contraindication but an explicit caution (4.4): use cautiously and sparingly in patients with known allergies, cardiac disease or hyperthyroidism, because of the increased risk of sensitivity reactions
  • Not a contraindication but an explicit bar in 4.2: do not use if the solution is more than pale yellow in colour
  • Not intended for long term use (4.4)

Side effects

  • Pupillary dilatation or cycloplegic effects — 'have rarely been observed with Proxymetacaine hydrochloride preparations'
  • Irritation of the conjunctiva, or other toxic reactions — 'have occurred only rarely'
  • A severe, immediate-type apparently hyperallergic corneal reaction may rarely occur: 'acute, intense and diffuse epithelial keratitis; a grey ground-glass appearance; sloughing of large areas of necrotic epithelium; corneal filaments and sometimes, iritis with descemetitis'
  • With regular and prolonged use (the product is not intended for long term use): softening and erosion of the corneal epithelium, which could produce corneal opacification with accompanying loss of vision

Monitoring

  • Protect the eye from rubbing, irritating chemicals and foreign bodies throughout the period of anaesthesia — advise the patient to avoid touching the eye until the anaesthesia has worn off
  • Watch for local irritation or hypersensitivity and discontinue if a severe corneal reaction develops
  • Where instillation has been repeated or prolonged, examine the cornea for epithelial softening, erosion or opacification
  • Compress the lacrimal sac at the medial canthus for a minute during and after instillation to limit systemic absorption — especially in children, and in an inflamed (hyperaemic) eye where systemic absorption through the conjunctiva is greatly increased
  • Rinse tonometers soaked in sterilising or detergent solutions thoroughly with sterile distilled water before use

Clinical monograph

How it works

As an ester local anaesthetic it reversibly blocks neuronal sodium channels in the ocular surface, preventing the generation and conduction of pain impulses.

Prescribing in practice

  • Topical ocular anaesthetics must not be supplied for repeated self-administration or to relieve pain, as repeated use causes corneal epithelial toxicity, delayed healing and can lead to severe sight-threatening keratopathy.
  • Because the cornea is anaesthetised and the protective blink reflex is abolished, the eye should be protected until sensation returns.
  • Use with care in patients with known sensitivity to ester-type local anaesthetics.

Monitoring

Monitoring is clinical and procedure-based; ensure the corneal surface is intact and protected until anaesthesia resolves.

Counselling the patient

  • Your eye will be numb for a short period; do not rub it until normal feeling returns.
  • Keep the eye protected and avoid getting anything in it while numb.
  • These drops are for clinical use only and must never be used to self-treat eye pain at home.

Evidence & guidelines

Topical ocular anaesthetics are standard for ophthalmic procedures, with MHRA and SPC guidance warning against unsupervised repeated use.

Reference: Drug verified in RxNorm (NLM); confirm dosing against the manufacturer SPC (eMC). Verify against your local formulary and current prescribing references before prescribing. The structured dose values shown have been reviewed by a clinician. Monograph status: clinician-reviewed (2026-07-04).

Related

Curated clinical cross-links plus same-class fallbacks.