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Cardiology A

ABC-Bleeding Score for Anticoagulated Atrial Fibrillation

Biomarker-based bleeding risk score for patients with AF on oral anticoagulation. Outperforms HAS-BLED in some cohorts. Uses troponin, GDF-15, and haemoglobin alongside clinical variables.

Used in: Atrial Fibrillation

Score interpretation

Low Bleeding Risk 0–3

ABC-Bleeding low risk. Estimated annual major bleed rate < 2%.

→ Anticoagulation benefits outweigh risks in most AF patients. Continue OAC (DOAC preferred). Modifiable risk factors (BP, alcohol, NSAIDs) should still be addressed.

Moderate Bleeding Risk 4–6

ABC-Bleeding moderate risk. Estimated annual major bleed rate 2-4%.

→ Reassess OAC choice. DOAC preferred over warfarin. Optimise modifiable bleeding risk factors. Shared decision-making with patient.

High Bleeding Risk 7–10

ABC-Bleeding high risk. Estimated annual major bleed rate > 4%.

→ Weigh bleeding vs stroke risk carefully. Revisit anticoagulation indication. Consider left atrial appendage occlusion if appropriate. Specialist cardiology/haematology review.

Interpretation bands for the ABC-Bleeding. Apply clinical judgement and local guidance.

References

Related

Curated clinical cross-links plus same-class fallbacks.

📚 MRCEM Revision

Featured in these MRCEM clinical pathways

The ABC-Bleeding is covered in detail — with RCEM/NICE evidence base, indications and pitfalls — in the following exam-focused pathways on our sister siteReviseMRCEM.

MRCEM Primary / Intermediate / OSCE candidates: each pathway includes exam-style questions, RCEM/NICE citations, and FAQ summaries.

Decision support only — verify against a current formulary, NICE, or your local guideline before clinical use.