General Medicine Geriatrics A

Confusion Assessment Method (CAM)

Standardised diagnostic algorithm for delirium detection. Requires features 1+2 PLUS either 3 or 4 for positive diagnosis.

Score interpretation

CAM Negative 0–1

Delirium not present by CAM criteria.

→ Consider alternative diagnoses if clinically concerned.

Possible Delirium 2

Features 1 and 2 present without feature 3 or 4.

→ Monitor closely; reassess within hours.

CAM Positive — Delirium Present 3–4

CAM positive: Features 1+2 plus Feature 3 or 4. Sensitivity 94–100%, Specificity 90–95%.

→ Identify and treat underlying cause; avoid anticholinergics; implement delirium bundle.

Interpretation bands for the CAM. Apply clinical judgement and local guidance.

Inouye SK et al. Clarifying confusion: the confusion assessment method. Ann Intern Med. 1990;113(12):941-948.
Wei LA et al. The Confusion Assessment Method: a systematic review of current usage. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008;56(5):823-830.

Curated clinical cross-links plus same-class fallbacks.

Calculators

Drugs

Pathways

Decision support only — verify against a current formulary, NICE, or your local guideline before clinical use.