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Osmotic Laxative — Constipation / Hepatic Encephalopathy

Lactulose (Paediatric)

Brand names: Duphalac, Lactugal

Paediatric lactulose, an osmotic laxative, used in children for constipation and, at higher doses, in the management of hepatic encephalopathy.

Dosing — being independently re-sourced

ClinCalc Pro is rebuilding its dose data from primary open sources — the manufacturer SmPC (eMC), the WHO Model Formulary and other official references — under clinician review. This drug's structured dose is not yet published here. Confirm all doses against the product SmPC and your local formulary before prescribing.

Clinical monograph

How it works

A non-absorbed disaccharide that draws water into the bowel by osmosis to soften stool and promote peristalsis; colonic bacterial fermentation also acidifies the lumen, reducing ammonia absorption in hepatic encephalopathy.

Prescribing in practice

  • Maintain adequate fluid intake during treatment, as lactulose works osmotically and the dose is titrated to produce soft, regular stools.
  • Its effect is not immediate and may take a couple of days, so it is for regular rather than rapid relief.
  • Use caution in lactose intolerance or galactosaemia and confirm paediatric dosing against a children's formulary.

Monitoring

Monitor stool frequency and consistency and the child's hydration, titrating the dose to response.

Counselling the patient

  • Encourage plenty of fluids while taking lactulose.
  • Explain it may take a day or two to work and the dose is adjusted to keep stools soft.
  • Flatulence or cramps may occur initially and usually settle.

Evidence & guidelines

Lactulose is an established osmotic laxative for childhood constipation, used alongside other measures per NICE constipation guidance.

Reference: NICE NG90 (Constipation in Children); ESPGHAN Childhood Constipation Guidelines 2014; Drug verified in RxNorm (NLM); confirm dosing against the manufacturer SPC (eMC). Verify against your local formulary and current prescribing references before prescribing. Monograph status: clinician-reviewed (2026-07-04).

Related

Curated clinical cross-links plus same-class fallbacks.