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Anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody Pregnancy: US label §8.1: based on findings from animal studies and its mechanism of action, cetuximab can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. There are no available data in pregnant women. In pregnant cynomolgus monkeys given cetuximab intravenously once weekly during organogenesis at 0.4 to 4 times the recommended human dose (by body surface area), there was an increased incidence of embryolethality and abortion; cetuximab was detected in amniotic fluid and in embryo serum. Human IgG is known to cross the placental barrier, so cetuximab may be transmitted from mother to fetus. Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus and to use effective contraception. (US labelling — verify against the UK SPC §4.6.)

Cetuximab (Specialist drug)

Brand names: Erbitux

Cetuximab is a monoclonal antibody against the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), given by intravenous infusion for metastatic colorectal cancer and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

Auto-extracted from the source labelling — not yet independently clinician-verified. These values were distilled from the UK SPC (or the US label where noted) but have not had a clinician sign-off. Confirm against the current SmPC before prescribing.

Adult dose

Dose: Weekly schedule (single agent or in combination with chemotherapy, and with radiotherapy in SCCHN): initial dose 400 mg/m2 as a 120-minute intravenous infusion, then subsequent doses of 250 mg/m2 infused over 60 minutes once weekly. Biweekly alternative (SCCHN and colorectal cancer, single agent or with chemotherapy): 500 mg/m2 as a 120-minute intravenous infusion every 2 weeks.
Route: Intravenous infusion via an infusion pump or syringe pump. Do NOT administer as an intravenous push or bolus. Do not shake or dilute. Do not exceed an infusion rate of 10 mg/min.
Frequency: Initial (loading) dose once, then once weekly; or 500 mg/m2 every 2 weeks on the biweekly schedule
NO UK SPC (eMC) WAS RETRIEVED IN THIS BUNDLE — the regimens above are taken from the US FDA prescribing information for ERBITUX (ImClone LLC; label date 2026-04-16; https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=1cd448bd-5230-450c-ad4c-359e6d54cd2b). VERBATIM (Highlights): 'In Combination With Radiation Therapy: Initial dose: 400 mg/m2 administered as a 120-minute intravenous infusion one week prior to initiating a course of radiation therapy. Subsequent doses: 250 mg/m2 administered as a 60-minute infusion every week for the duration of radiation therapy (6-7 weeks). Complete ERBITUX administration 1 hour prior to radiation therapy.' 'As Single-Agent or in Combination With Chemotherapy: Weekly: Administer initial dose of 400 mg/m2 as a 120-minute intravenous infusion, and subsequent doses of 250 mg/m2 infused over 60 minutes once weekly. Biweekly: Administer 500 mg/m2 as a 120-minute intravenous infusion every two weeks. Complete ERBITUX administration 1 hour prior to chemotherapy. Continue treatment until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.' BY INDICATION: SCCHN (§2.2) — with radiotherapy as above, or as a single agent or with platinum-based therapy and fluorouracil on the weekly or biweekly schedule; colorectal cancer (§2.3) — as a single agent or with irinotecan or FOLFIRI (irinotecan, fluorouracil, leucovorin) on the weekly or biweekly schedule; with encorafenib (BRAF V600E mCRC) — initial 400 mg/m2 over 120 minutes then 250 mg/m2 weekly over 60 minutes until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity (refer to the encorafenib prescribing information for its dose). PATIENT SELECTION (§2.1): select patients with metastatic CRC based on Ras wild-type, EGFR-expressing CRC, or BRAF V600E mutation-positive metastatic CRC. PREMEDICATION (§2.4): 'Premedicate with a histamine-1 (H1) receptor antagonist intravenously 30-60 minutes prior to the first dose or subsequent doses as deemed necessary.' DOSE MODIFICATIONS (§2.5, Table 1): infusion reactions Grade 1 or 2 — reduce the infusion rate by 50%; Grade 3 or 4 — immediately and permanently discontinue. Dermatologic toxicity and infectious sequelae Grade 3 or 4 — delay the infusion 1 to 2 weeks and, if the condition improves, continue at 250 mg/m2 (1st occurrence), 200 mg/m2 (2nd occurrence) or 150 mg/m2 (3rd occurrence); discontinue at the 4th occurrence or if there is no improvement. Pulmonary toxicity — delay 1 to 2 weeks; if it improves continue at the dose being given at the time of occurrence; discontinue if there is no improvement in 2 weeks or ILD is confirmed. PAEDIATRIC (§8.4): 'The safety and effectiveness of ERBITUX in pediatric patients have not been established.' Pharmacokinetics were evaluated in an open-label, single-arm, dose-finding study at doses UP TO 250 mg/m2 once weekly in 27 patients aged 1 to 12 years and 19 patients aged 13 to 18 years, with no new safety signals — THIS IS NOT AN APPROVED PAEDIATRIC REGIMEN and must not be used as a paediatric dose; paedDose is therefore null. Verify any under-18 use against a children's formulary. ELDERLY (§8.5): no overall differences in safety or efficacy were observed between patients 65 years or older and younger patients in colorectal cancer; head and neck studies did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over. NO §7 DRUG INTERACTIONS SECTION AND NO RENAL DOSING SECTION WERE RETRIEVED IN THIS BUNDLE. Several sections of the fetched US label were truncated at the source-fetch limit — clinician to confirm against the full label and the UK SPC before publication.

Dose auto-extracted from US FDA prescribing information (openFDA / DailyMed) — cross-check; US labelling may differ from UK — not yet clinician-verified. Always confirm against the product SmPC and your local formulary before prescribing.

Contraindications

  • None — the US label §4 Contraindications states 'None.' (verify against UK SPC §4.3, which was not retrieved in this bundle)

Side effects

  • Cutaneous adverse reactions including rash, pruritus and nail changes — most common (incidence ≥ 25%); limit sun exposure and monitor for dermatologic toxicity or infectious sequelae
  • Headache, diarrhoea and infection — most common (incidence ≥ 25%). With encorafenib: fatigue, nausea, diarrhoea, dermatitis acneiform, abdominal pain, decreased appetite, arthralgia and rash (> 25%)
  • Infusion reactions — serious and fatal reactions can occur; any grade in 8.4% and severe (Grade 3–4) in 2.2% of 1373 patients. Signs include rapid-onset airway obstruction (bronchospasm, stridor, hoarseness), hypotension, shock and loss of consciousness
  • Hypomagnesaemia and accompanying electrolyte abnormalities — monitor during treatment and for at least 8 weeks after completion; replete electrolytes as necessary
  • Cardiopulmonary arrest — monitor serum electrolytes during and after treatment
  • Pulmonary toxicity including interstitial lung disease — interrupt or permanently discontinue for acute onset or worsening pulmonary symptoms
  • Increased tumour progression, increased mortality or lack of benefit in patients with Ras-mutant metastatic colorectal cancer

Clinical monograph

How it works

It binds the extracellular domain of EGFR, blocking ligand binding and receptor activation and thereby inhibiting downstream signalling that drives tumour growth.

Prescribing in practice

  • Severe infusion-related reactions, sometimes fatal, can occur particularly with the first infusion; give premedication and monitor closely during and after administration.
  • It is effective only in RAS wild-type colorectal tumours, so RAS mutation status must be confirmed before use.
  • Acneiform skin rash and hypomagnesaemia are very common and require management and electrolyte monitoring.

Monitoring

Monitor serum magnesium and other electrolytes during and after treatment, and observe closely for infusion reactions and skin toxicity.

Counselling the patient

  • Report any rash, dry or cracked skin, and use emollients and sun protection as advised.
  • Tell the team immediately if you feel unwell during an infusion, such as breathlessness, dizziness or a rash.
  • Attend for blood tests to check your magnesium levels.

Evidence & guidelines

NICE has appraised cetuximab for RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer and head and neck cancer, supported by randomised controlled trial data.

Reference: Drug verified in RxNorm (NLM); confirm dosing against the manufacturer SPC (eMC). Verify against your local formulary and current prescribing references before prescribing. The structured dose values shown have been reviewed by a clinician. Monograph status: clinician-reviewed (2026-07-04).

Related

Curated clinical cross-links plus same-class fallbacks.