Diabetes & DKA
Also: diabetes mellitus · diabetic ketoacidosis · DKA · HHS
Diabetes management spans long-term glycaemic control and acute emergencies — diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and the hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state (HHS). Care combines monitoring (HbA1c), risk assessment, and insulin and other glucose-lowering therapy.
The diabetes and acute-emergency tools, the relevant drugs, and explainers are gathered here.
Calculators & scores
- DKA Severity ClassificationDiabetes
- Diabetes Sick Day Risk AssessmentDiabetes Management
- Paediatric DKA Severity Assessment (ISPAD)Diabetic Ketoacidosis
- SCORE2-Diabetes 10-Year CVD Risk in Type 2 DiabetesCardiovascular Risk
- HbA1c ConverterDiabetes
- Corrected Sodium (Hyperglycaemia)Electrolytes
- UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Risk EnginePrognosis
- Hypoglycaemia Severity ClassificationDiabetes Management
- Diabetic Neuropathy Symptom Score (DNS)Peripheral Neuropathy
- Diabetic Macular Oedema (DMO) ClassificationDiabetic Retinopathy
- Sodium Correction for HyperglycaemiaFluid / Electrolytes
- AUB-HAS2 Cardiovascular Risk IndexCardiovascular Risk
- Insulin TDD EstimatorDiabetes
- FINDRISC — Diabetes Risk ScorePrognosis
Decision pathways
- Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)JBDS 2013 / Joint British Diabetes Societies; NICE NG17
- Adult Hypoglycaemia (Treated Diabetes)JBDS-IP (2023): Hospital Management of Hypoglycaemia
- Type 2 Diabetes ManagementNICE NG28 2022
- Hyperosmolar Hyperglycaemic State (HHS)NICE; JBDS; RCP — NG18
- Diabetic NephropathyKDIGO 2022 Diabetes; NICE NG28; ADA 2024
- Diabetes InsipidusEndocrine Society
- Pre-op Medical ClearanceNICE NG45; ESC 2022
- Diabetic Foot InfectionIWGDF 2023; NICE NG19
Drugs
- Pioglitazone with metforminThiazolidinedione + biguanide
- Sitagliptin with metforminDPP-4 + biguanide
- Empagliflozin with metforminSGLT2 inhibitor + biguanide
- Dapagliflozin with metforminSGLT2i + biguanide (fixed-dose)
- Insulin (IV Infusion — ICU Glucose Control)Insulin — ICU Glucose Management
- DapagliflozinSGLT2 Inhibitor
- EmpagliflozinSGLT2 Inhibitor
- MetforminBiguanide
- GliclazideSulfonylurea
- SitagliptinDPP-4 Inhibitor
- SemaglutideGLP-1 Receptor Agonist
- Insulin (Soluble / Actrapid)Insulin
Patient explainers
Decision support only. These tools are aggregated by topic to aid navigation — always apply clinical judgement and the relevant national or local guideline.