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Antifibrinolytic agent (haemostatic) Pregnancy: §4.6, Pregnancy: 'Although there is no evidence from animal studies of a teratogenic effect, the usual caution with the use of drugs in pregnancy should be observed. Tranexamic acid crosses the placenta.' Breast-feeding: 'Tranexamic acid passes into breast milk to a concentration of approximately one hundredth of the concentration in the maternal blood. An antifibrinolytic effect in the infant is unlikely.'

Tranexamic Acid 500mg Tablets (Epistaxis)

Brand names: Cyklokapron, Tranexamic acid generic

Used in: Gastrointestinal Bleeding Head Injury Epistaxis (Nosebleed)

Tranexamic acid tablets are an oral antifibrinolytic used as an adjunct in epistaxis, particularly recurrent or troublesome nosebleeds, to help reduce bleeding alongside local measures.

Adult dose

Dose: Epistaxis (oral tablets): 2 × 500 mg tablets three times daily for 7 days, where recurrent bleeding is anticipated. SCOPE: oral tablets only — this SPC does not cover the topical/intranasal route that this page's route field also lists.
Route: Oral. §4.2 Method of administration, verbatim: 'For oral administration'.
Frequency: Three times daily, for 7 days (§4.2, epistaxis).
This page is an ORAL 500 mg tablet page for EPISTAXIS. §4.1 of this product, verbatim, licenses 'Short-term use for haemorrhage or risk of haemorrhage in increased fibrinolysis or fibrinogenolysis. Local fibrinolysis as occurs in the following conditions: … c) Epistaxis'. §4.2 then gives an epistaxis-specific oral regimen, verbatim: 'c) Epistaxis: Where recurrent bleeding is anticipated oral therapy (2 tablets three times daily) should be administered for 7 days.' The tablet strength is the product's own — 'Tranexamic Acid 500 mg Tablets'. Both figures in the dose line ('2 … tablets', '500 mg') and the duration ('7 days') are printed in the source; no total in grams is stated for this indication, so none is written here. || NO MAXIMUM DOSE IS PUBLISHED FOR THIS INDICATION, AND THAT IS DELIBERATE. §4.2 prints exactly one ceiling — 'A total dose of 4g daily (8 tablets) should not be exceeded' — and that sentence sits inside the MENORRHAGIA paragraph, not the epistaxis paragraph. Importing it here would be a cross-indication ceiling, so maxDose is left unset. || PAEDIATRIC BLOCK DELIBERATELY DROPPED (this is the change that makes the page publishable). §4.2 does carry a children's figure, verbatim: 'Children's dosage: This should be calculated according to body weight at 25 mg /kg per dose. However, data on efficacy, posology and safety for these indications are limited.' It is not published because (a) no frequency is stated in the children's paragraph, and (b) at 25 mg/kg per dose any child at or above about adult weight would be shown a per-dose amount exceeding the adult epistaxis regimen on the same page, with no age or weight bound in the label to stop it. Paediatric epistaxis dosing must be checked against a children's formulary. || CONTEXT FROM THE SAME SECTION: epistaxis is item (c) under '1. Local fibrinolysis', whose general line reads 'The recommended standard dosage is 15-25 mg /kg bodyweight (i.e. 2-3 tablets) two to three times daily' — the epistaxis-specific instruction sits at the lower end of that band. RENAL IMPAIRMENT: §4.2 gives a serum-creatinine-based reduction in oral dosage for mild to moderate renal insufficiency — see renalAdjustment; §4.3 contraindicates severe renal impairment outright. ELDERLY: §4.2, verbatim: 'No reduction in dosage is necessary unless there is evidence of renal insufficiency'. || THE PAGE'S TOPICAL INTRANASAL ROUTE REMAINS UNSOURCED: no UK SPC in this bundle licenses tranexamic acid for application to the nasal mucosa, so that route cannot be sourced from an SPC at all and would need a named guideline, recorded as off-label, before anything is published for it. The scope limit is stated inside the dose text so the published figure cannot be read as covering it.

Dose adjustments

Renal

§4.2, for mild to moderate renal insufficiency, extrapolated from clearance data relating to the intravenous dosage form — reduction in ORAL dosage by serum creatinine: 120-249 micromol/L → 15 mg/kg body weight twice daily; 250-500 micromol/L → 15 mg/kg body weight/day. §4.3 contraindicates severe renal impairment because of the risk of accumulation.

Hepatic

Not addressed in any section retrieved in this bundle.

Dose independently re-sourced from UK Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) via the eMC — clinician-reviewed. Always confirm against the product SmPC and your local formulary before prescribing.

Contraindications

  • Severe renal impairment, because of risk of accumulation
  • Hypersensitivity to tranexamic acid or any of the excipients listed in section 6.1
  • Active thromboembolic disease
  • History of venous or arterial thrombosis
  • Fibrinolytic conditions following consumption coagulopathy
  • History of convulsions

Side effects

  • Very rare — hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylaxis
  • Rare — colour vision disturbances; retinal/artery occlusion
  • Rare — thromboembolic events
  • Very rare — arterial or venous thrombosis at any site
  • Very rare — digestive effects such as nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea, which disappear when the dosage is reduced
  • Rare — allergic skin reactions
  • Not known — fixed drug eruption
  • Frequency not known — convulsions, particularly in cases of misuse
  • Not known — acute renal cortical necrosis

Interactions

  • Fibrinolytic (thrombolytic) preparations — §4.5, verbatim: 'Tranexamic acid counteracts the thrombolytic effect of fibrinolytic preparations.'
  • Oral contraceptives — §4.4: tranexamic acid 'should be administered with care in patients receiving oral contraceptives because of the increased risk of thrombosis'
  • SOURCE NOTE: eMC does not expose §4.5 as a separate section heading, so its text arrives inside the fetched §4.4 warnings block. The two entries above are that §4.5/§4.4 text, quoted from this bundle.

Monitoring

  • Visual function — §4.4: 'Patients who experience visual disturbance should be withdrawn from treatment.'
  • Renal function / serum creatinine — §4.4: 'The blood levels are increased in patients with renal insufficiency. Therefore, a dose reduction is recommended'; §4.2 gives the creatinine-banded oral schedule
  • Patients with haematuria, or at risk of haematuria from the upper urinary tract — §4.4 recommends close monitoring because of the risk of urinary obstruction at the lower levels of the tract
  • Signs of thromboembolism, particularly in patients on oral contraceptives and in patients with a previous thromboembolic event or a family history of thromboembolic disease (§4.4)

Clinical monograph

How it works

It is a synthetic lysine analogue that competitively blocks the lysine-binding sites on plasminogen, inhibiting its conversion to plasmin and thereby stabilising formed clots by preventing fibrinolysis.

Prescribing in practice

  • It is contraindicated in active thromboembolic disease and a history of venous or arterial thromboembolism, and should be used cautiously where thrombotic risk is high.
  • The dose should be reduced in renal impairment because the drug is renally cleared and can accumulate.
  • It does not replace mechanical control of active bleeding such as pressure, cautery or packing.

Monitoring

No routine laboratory monitoring is required for short courses; review bleeding control and remain alert to any symptoms of thromboembolism.

Counselling the patient

  • Take it as an addition to first-aid measures like pinching the soft part of the nose.
  • Seek urgent help for chest pain, breathlessness or a painful swollen leg.
  • Tell the prescriber if you have had blood clots or have kidney problems.

Evidence & guidelines

Antifibrinolytic therapy is recognised as a useful adjunct in epistaxis, though local control measures remain the mainstay.

Reference: NICE CKS Epistaxis; ENT-UK Epistaxis Guidelines; BMJ Evidence on Topical TXA; Drug verified in RxNorm (NLM); confirm dosing against the manufacturer SPC (eMC). Verify against your local formulary and current prescribing references before prescribing. The structured dose values shown have been reviewed by a clinician. Monograph status: clinician-reviewed (2026-07-04).

Related

Curated clinical cross-links plus same-class fallbacks.