Tranexamic Acid 500mg Tablets (Epistaxis)
Brand names: Cyklokapron, Tranexamic acid generic
Tranexamic acid tablets are an oral antifibrinolytic used as an adjunct in epistaxis, particularly recurrent or troublesome nosebleeds, to help reduce bleeding alongside local measures.
Adult dose
Dose adjustments
§4.2, for mild to moderate renal insufficiency, extrapolated from clearance data relating to the intravenous dosage form — reduction in ORAL dosage by serum creatinine: 120-249 micromol/L → 15 mg/kg body weight twice daily; 250-500 micromol/L → 15 mg/kg body weight/day. §4.3 contraindicates severe renal impairment because of the risk of accumulation.
Not addressed in any section retrieved in this bundle.
Dose independently re-sourced from UK Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) via the eMC — clinician-reviewed. Always confirm against the product SmPC and your local formulary before prescribing.
Contraindications
- Severe renal impairment, because of risk of accumulation
- Hypersensitivity to tranexamic acid or any of the excipients listed in section 6.1
- Active thromboembolic disease
- History of venous or arterial thrombosis
- Fibrinolytic conditions following consumption coagulopathy
- History of convulsions
Side effects
- Very rare — hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylaxis
- Rare — colour vision disturbances; retinal/artery occlusion
- Rare — thromboembolic events
- Very rare — arterial or venous thrombosis at any site
- Very rare — digestive effects such as nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea, which disappear when the dosage is reduced
- Rare — allergic skin reactions
- Not known — fixed drug eruption
- Frequency not known — convulsions, particularly in cases of misuse
- Not known — acute renal cortical necrosis
Interactions
- Fibrinolytic (thrombolytic) preparations — §4.5, verbatim: 'Tranexamic acid counteracts the thrombolytic effect of fibrinolytic preparations.'
- Oral contraceptives — §4.4: tranexamic acid 'should be administered with care in patients receiving oral contraceptives because of the increased risk of thrombosis'
- SOURCE NOTE: eMC does not expose §4.5 as a separate section heading, so its text arrives inside the fetched §4.4 warnings block. The two entries above are that §4.5/§4.4 text, quoted from this bundle.
Monitoring
- Visual function — §4.4: 'Patients who experience visual disturbance should be withdrawn from treatment.'
- Renal function / serum creatinine — §4.4: 'The blood levels are increased in patients with renal insufficiency. Therefore, a dose reduction is recommended'; §4.2 gives the creatinine-banded oral schedule
- Patients with haematuria, or at risk of haematuria from the upper urinary tract — §4.4 recommends close monitoring because of the risk of urinary obstruction at the lower levels of the tract
- Signs of thromboembolism, particularly in patients on oral contraceptives and in patients with a previous thromboembolic event or a family history of thromboembolic disease (§4.4)
Clinical monograph
How it works
It is a synthetic lysine analogue that competitively blocks the lysine-binding sites on plasminogen, inhibiting its conversion to plasmin and thereby stabilising formed clots by preventing fibrinolysis.
Prescribing in practice
- It is contraindicated in active thromboembolic disease and a history of venous or arterial thromboembolism, and should be used cautiously where thrombotic risk is high.
- The dose should be reduced in renal impairment because the drug is renally cleared and can accumulate.
- It does not replace mechanical control of active bleeding such as pressure, cautery or packing.
Monitoring
No routine laboratory monitoring is required for short courses; review bleeding control and remain alert to any symptoms of thromboembolism.
Counselling the patient
- Take it as an addition to first-aid measures like pinching the soft part of the nose.
- Seek urgent help for chest pain, breathlessness or a painful swollen leg.
- Tell the prescriber if you have had blood clots or have kidney problems.
Evidence & guidelines
Antifibrinolytic therapy is recognised as a useful adjunct in epistaxis, though local control measures remain the mainstay.
Reference: NICE CKS Epistaxis; ENT-UK Epistaxis Guidelines; BMJ Evidence on Topical TXA; Drug verified in RxNorm (NLM); confirm dosing against the manufacturer SPC (eMC). Verify against your local formulary and current prescribing references before prescribing. The structured dose values shown have been reviewed by a clinician. Monograph status: clinician-reviewed (2026-07-04).
Related
Curated clinical cross-links plus same-class fallbacks.
- Adult Upper Airway Obstruction (Stridor) · DAS 2015 unanticipated difficult airway; RCEM
- Epistaxis Management · ENT-UK / NICE
- Acute Otitis Media · NICE NG91 2018
- Tonsillitis and Sore Throat · NICE NG84 2018
- Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo · NICE CG124 / AAO-HNS Guidelines
- Acute Rhinosinusitis · NICE NG79 2017 / EPOS 2020