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Osmotic / Stimulant Rectal Laxative Pregnancy: As there is no relevant data available to evaluate the potential for foetal malformation or other foetotoxic effects when administered during pregnancy, Fletchers' Phosphate Enema should only be used as directed by a physician at the time of delivery or postpartum.

Sodium Acid Phosphate Enema

Brand names: Fleet Ready-to-Use Enema, Phosphate Enema BP

A sodium acid phosphate enema is a rectally administered phosphate preparation used to produce rapid bowel evacuation, for example before procedures or for constipation.

Adult dose

Dose: Constipation (routine treatment), and bowel cleansing pre- and post-operatively, in obstetrics and before proctoscopy, sigmoidoscopy or X-ray examination: adults, elderly and children over 12 years old - one 128 ml enema (sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate 10% w/v and disodium phosphate dodecahydrate 8% w/v)
Route: Rectal (for rectal administration only)
Frequency: No more than once daily, or as directed by a physician
Max: One enema (128 ml) in 24 hours
The page's 'Fleet' brand is a different manufacturer's product whose composition is not in this SPC and is not covered. §2 (verbatim): 'Each 128 ml enema contains: Sodium Dihydrogen Phosphate Dihydrate 10% w/v Disodium Phosphate Dodecahydrate 8% w/v'. §4.1 (verbatim): 'Routine treatment of constipation. Pre- and post-operative cleansing of the bowel, in obstetrics and prior to proctoscopy, sigmoidoscopy or X-ray examination.' VERBATIM §4.2: 'Adults, elderly and children over 12 years old: One enema no more than once daily or as directed by a physician (see section 4.4). Children aged 3 years to less than 12 years: As directed by a physician (see sections 4.4 and 4.9). Reduce adult dosage in proportion to body weight. Children under 3 years of age: Fletchers' Phosphate Enema is contraindicated in children under 3 years of age (see section 4.3). Renal impairment Do not administer to patients with clinically significant impairment of renal function (see section 4.3). The product should be used with caution in patients with impaired renal function, when the clinical benefit is expected to outweigh the risk of hyperphosphataemia (see section 4.4). Method of administration For rectal administration only. The enema may be administered at room temperature or warmed in water before use.' The maximum above is the SPC's own wording: 'no more than once daily' (§4.2) and 'Administration of more than one enema in a 24-hour period can be harmful' (§4.4). No paediatric block is written: for ages 3 to under 12 the SPC prints only 'as directed by a physician' / 'reduce adult dosage in proportion to body weight' with no figure, and under 3 years it is contraindicated. §4.4 (verbatim, key limits): 'Unless directed by a physician Fletchers' Phosphate Enema should not be used for more than one week.' 'Repeated and prolonged use ... is not recommended as it may cause habituation.' 'In general, evacuation occurs approximately 5 minutes after sodium phosphate enema administration. Retention time over 10 minutes is not recommended. If evacuation does not occur after using sodium phosphate enema or if the retention time lasts for more than 10 minutes, phosphatemia could occur. No further administrations should be given and the condition of the patient should be assessed by a physician.' 'Do not use ... when nausea, vomiting or abdominal pain is present unless directed by a physician.' 'Care should be taken not to use undue force in administration of the enema especially in the elderly or debilitated patients or those with neurological disorders.' Contains 505 mg benzalkonium chloride per 128 ml enema.

Dose adjustments

Renal

SPC §4.2/§4.3: do not administer to patients with clinically significant impairment of renal function (contraindicated). §4.2/§4.4: use with caution in patients with impaired renal function, when the clinical benefit is expected to outweigh the risk of hyperphosphataemia. Patients taking medications that decrease glomerular filtration rate (diuretics, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, NSAIDs) are at greater risk of dehydration. No dose figure for renal impairment is printed.

Hepatic

No hepatic dose adjustment or hepatic precaution is printed in SPC sections 4.2-4.4.

Dose independently re-sourced from UK Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) via MHRA Products — clinician-reviewed. Always confirm against the product SmPC and your local formulary before prescribing.

Contraindications

  • Hypersensitivity to the active substances or to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1
  • Conditions causing increased absorptive capacity or decreased elimination capacity, such as bowel obstruction or decreased bowel motility: congenital or acquired megacolon, imperforate anus, anorectal stenosis, Hirschsprung's disease, suspected intestinal obstruction, paralytic ileus
  • Undiagnosed gastrointestinal pathology, e.g. symptoms suggestive of appendicitis, intestinal perforation or active inflammatory bowel disease
  • Undiagnosed rectal bleeding
  • Congestive heart failure
  • Dehydration
  • Children under 3 years of age
  • Clinically significant impairment of renal function
  • Concomitant use of any other sodium phosphate preparation, including sodium phosphate oral solution or tablets

Side effects

  • Very common: hyperphosphataemia; anal discomfort and proctalgia; abdominal pain and cramp; vomiting; rectal irritation, pain and stinging
  • Common: hypocalcaemia; dizziness; nausea; diarrhoea; general malaise; chills
  • Not known: hypersensitivity e.g. urticaria; hypernatraemia; hypokalaemia; dehydration; metabolic acidosis; tetany; syncope (primarily observed in elderly patients)
  • Very rare: blister, pruritus, stinging
  • Risk of elevated serum sodium and phosphate and decreased calcium and potassium, with clinical signs such as tetany and renal failure (SPC §4.4)
  • Repeated and prolonged use may cause habituation; rectal bleeding may indicate a serious condition and administration must be discontinued immediately (SPC §4.4)

Interactions

  • Calcium channel blockers, diuretics, lithium or other medications that might affect electrolyte levels: use with caution (hyperphosphataemia, hypocalcaemia, hypokalaemia, hypernatraemic dehydration and acidosis may occur)
  • No other sodium phosphate preparations, including sodium phosphate oral solution or tablets, should be given concomitantly
  • Medications that decrease glomerular filtration rate (diuretics, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, NSAIDs): greater risk of dehydration; advise clear liquids
  • Medications known to prolong the QT interval (e.g. amiodarone, azithromycin, erythromycin, clarithromycin, chlorpromazine, citalopram, domperidone): use with caution given the electrolyte-shift risk

Monitoring

  • Electrolyte levels should be monitored before and after administration where electrolyte disorders are suspected and in patients who may experience hyperphosphataemia
  • Patients should expect liquid stools and be encouraged to drink clear liquids to help prevent dehydration
  • Evacuation generally occurs about 5 minutes after administration; retention over 10 minutes is not recommended - if there is no evacuation or retention exceeds 10 minutes, give no further administrations and have a physician assess the patient (laboratory tests for electrolyte abnormalities may be needed)
  • Rectal bleeding after use: discontinue immediately and have a physician assess the patient
  • Use with caution in elderly or debilitated patients and in uncontrolled hypertension, ascites, heart disease, rectal mucosal changes (ulcers, fissures), colostomy, and pre-existing electrolyte imbalance

Clinical monograph

How it works

Instilled phosphate salts exert an osmotic effect in the rectum and lower bowel, drawing in water and stimulating peristalsis to promote evacuation.

Prescribing in practice

  • Phosphate enemas can cause serious fluid and electrolyte disturbances, so they should be avoided or used with great caution in renal impairment, cardiac disease and frail elderly patients.
  • Careful rectal insertion is needed to avoid local trauma, and they are contraindicated where there is bowel obstruction or perforation.
  • Repeated or retained administration increases the risk of phosphate absorption and electrolyte imbalance.

Monitoring

Monitor for adequate evacuation and, in vulnerable patients, watch for signs of fluid depletion or electrolyte disturbance.

Counselling the patient

  • This is given rectally and usually works within a short time.
  • Tell the clinician if you have kidney or heart problems before it is used.

Evidence & guidelines

Sodium acid phosphate enemas are an established means of rapid bowel evacuation, with documented cautions in UK prescribing references.

Reference: MHRA Safety Alert — Phosphate Enemas in Renal Impairment; SPC Fleet Enema; Confirm identity and dosing against the manufacturer SPC (eMC) and NICE. Verify against your local formulary and current prescribing references before prescribing. The structured dose values shown have been reviewed by a clinician. Monograph status: clinician-reviewed (2026-07-04).

Related

Curated clinical cross-links plus same-class fallbacks.