Sodium Acid Phosphate Enema
Brand names: Fleet Ready-to-Use Enema, Phosphate Enema BP
A sodium acid phosphate enema is a rectally administered phosphate preparation used to produce rapid bowel evacuation, for example before procedures or for constipation.
Adult dose
Dose adjustments
SPC §4.2/§4.3: do not administer to patients with clinically significant impairment of renal function (contraindicated). §4.2/§4.4: use with caution in patients with impaired renal function, when the clinical benefit is expected to outweigh the risk of hyperphosphataemia. Patients taking medications that decrease glomerular filtration rate (diuretics, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, NSAIDs) are at greater risk of dehydration. No dose figure for renal impairment is printed.
No hepatic dose adjustment or hepatic precaution is printed in SPC sections 4.2-4.4.
Dose independently re-sourced from UK Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) via MHRA Products — clinician-reviewed. Always confirm against the product SmPC and your local formulary before prescribing.
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to the active substances or to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1
- Conditions causing increased absorptive capacity or decreased elimination capacity, such as bowel obstruction or decreased bowel motility: congenital or acquired megacolon, imperforate anus, anorectal stenosis, Hirschsprung's disease, suspected intestinal obstruction, paralytic ileus
- Undiagnosed gastrointestinal pathology, e.g. symptoms suggestive of appendicitis, intestinal perforation or active inflammatory bowel disease
- Undiagnosed rectal bleeding
- Congestive heart failure
- Dehydration
- Children under 3 years of age
- Clinically significant impairment of renal function
- Concomitant use of any other sodium phosphate preparation, including sodium phosphate oral solution or tablets
Side effects
- Very common: hyperphosphataemia; anal discomfort and proctalgia; abdominal pain and cramp; vomiting; rectal irritation, pain and stinging
- Common: hypocalcaemia; dizziness; nausea; diarrhoea; general malaise; chills
- Not known: hypersensitivity e.g. urticaria; hypernatraemia; hypokalaemia; dehydration; metabolic acidosis; tetany; syncope (primarily observed in elderly patients)
- Very rare: blister, pruritus, stinging
- Risk of elevated serum sodium and phosphate and decreased calcium and potassium, with clinical signs such as tetany and renal failure (SPC §4.4)
- Repeated and prolonged use may cause habituation; rectal bleeding may indicate a serious condition and administration must be discontinued immediately (SPC §4.4)
Interactions
- Calcium channel blockers, diuretics, lithium or other medications that might affect electrolyte levels: use with caution (hyperphosphataemia, hypocalcaemia, hypokalaemia, hypernatraemic dehydration and acidosis may occur)
- No other sodium phosphate preparations, including sodium phosphate oral solution or tablets, should be given concomitantly
- Medications that decrease glomerular filtration rate (diuretics, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, NSAIDs): greater risk of dehydration; advise clear liquids
- Medications known to prolong the QT interval (e.g. amiodarone, azithromycin, erythromycin, clarithromycin, chlorpromazine, citalopram, domperidone): use with caution given the electrolyte-shift risk
Monitoring
- Electrolyte levels should be monitored before and after administration where electrolyte disorders are suspected and in patients who may experience hyperphosphataemia
- Patients should expect liquid stools and be encouraged to drink clear liquids to help prevent dehydration
- Evacuation generally occurs about 5 minutes after administration; retention over 10 minutes is not recommended - if there is no evacuation or retention exceeds 10 minutes, give no further administrations and have a physician assess the patient (laboratory tests for electrolyte abnormalities may be needed)
- Rectal bleeding after use: discontinue immediately and have a physician assess the patient
- Use with caution in elderly or debilitated patients and in uncontrolled hypertension, ascites, heart disease, rectal mucosal changes (ulcers, fissures), colostomy, and pre-existing electrolyte imbalance
Clinical monograph
How it works
Instilled phosphate salts exert an osmotic effect in the rectum and lower bowel, drawing in water and stimulating peristalsis to promote evacuation.
Prescribing in practice
- Phosphate enemas can cause serious fluid and electrolyte disturbances, so they should be avoided or used with great caution in renal impairment, cardiac disease and frail elderly patients.
- Careful rectal insertion is needed to avoid local trauma, and they are contraindicated where there is bowel obstruction or perforation.
- Repeated or retained administration increases the risk of phosphate absorption and electrolyte imbalance.
Monitoring
Monitor for adequate evacuation and, in vulnerable patients, watch for signs of fluid depletion or electrolyte disturbance.
Counselling the patient
- This is given rectally and usually works within a short time.
- Tell the clinician if you have kidney or heart problems before it is used.
Evidence & guidelines
Sodium acid phosphate enemas are an established means of rapid bowel evacuation, with documented cautions in UK prescribing references.
Reference: MHRA Safety Alert — Phosphate Enemas in Renal Impairment; SPC Fleet Enema; Confirm identity and dosing against the manufacturer SPC (eMC) and NICE. Verify against your local formulary and current prescribing references before prescribing. The structured dose values shown have been reviewed by a clinician. Monograph status: clinician-reviewed (2026-07-04).
Related
Curated clinical cross-links plus same-class fallbacks.
- Lower Gastrointestinal Bleed · BSG 2019; NICE NG141
- Variceal Upper GI Bleed · BSG 2015; Baveno VII (2022)
- Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP) · BSG / EASL 2018
- Hepatorenal Syndrome · EASL 2018; ICA 2015
- Hepatic Encephalopathy · EASL 2014; West Haven criteria
- Clostridioides difficile Colitis · NICE NG199 (2021); IDSA/SHEA 2021