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Equine antitoxin (passive immunisation)

Diphtheria antitoxin

Brand names: Specialist UKHSA supply

Adult dose

Dose: 10,000–100,000 units IV/IM (per severity and surface involvement); per UKHSA
Route: IV / IM
Frequency: Single dose

Clinical pearls

  • UKHSA Green Book ch 15 / ImmForm: clinical diphtheria suspicion → UKHSA Imported Fever Service for antitoxin release
  • Skin test before administration recommended (anaphylaxis risk)
  • Prompt treatment essential — antitoxin neutralises only unbound toxin
  • Notifiable disease

Contraindications

  • Equine serum hypersensitivity (relative; weigh risk-benefit)

Side effects

  • Anaphylaxis (significant)
  • Serum sickness (1–2 weeks post-dose)
  • Fever
  • Hypersensitivity reactions

Monitoring

  • Anaphylaxis observation
  • Serum sickness signs
  • Cardiac/neurological complications of diphtheria

Reference: BNF; UKHSA Green Book ch 15; UKHSA Imported Fever Service; https://bnf.nice.org.uk/drugs/diphtheria-antitoxin/. Verify against your local formulary and the latest BNF before prescribing.

Related

Curated clinical cross-links plus same-class fallbacks.