Recurrent UTI in Women

Recurrent UTI: ≥2 episodes in 6 months OR ≥3 in 12 months. Confirm with MSU + culture (clean-catch). Investigate red flags requiring referral: visible haematuria, suspicion of malignancy / obstruction, pyelonephritis, structural / functional abnormality, abnormal renal function. • Urinalysis + cultures during episodes. • Bladder diary, voiding pattern. • Post-void residual (USS bladder). • Sexual / contraceptive history; menopause status. • Imaging USS / CT-IVU + cystoscopy if red flags or atypical organisms. • Glucose for diabetes; consider immunodeficiency screening if recurrent / atypical organisms.