Shoulder Dislocation

Anterior dislocation (>95%): mechanism — abduction + external rotation + extension; arm held abducted slightly externally rotated; squared-off shoulder, anterior fullness. Posterior dislocation: rare; often missed; typically post-seizure / electric shock; arm held adducted + internally rotated; XR may look 'normal' on AP — get axillary / Y-view. Inferior (luxatio erecta): very rare; arm held overhead (cannot bring down). Examination: assess axillary nerve (regimental badge area sensation), other neurovascular structures. XR: AP + axillary view (or Y-view if axillary not possible) — confirm dislocation + exclude fracture.