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Electrolyte Buffer

Sodium Bicarbonate 8.4%

Brand names: Sodium Bicarbonate 8.4% Injection

Adult dose

Dose: 50–100ml (50–100 mmol) of 8.4%
Route: IV over 5–10 min
Frequency: Guided by ABG — repeat as needed
Hyperkalaemia with ECG changes: 50ml IV (50 mmol). Severe metabolic acidosis (pH <7.1): 1–2 mmol/kg IV. TCA/Na-channel blocker overdose: 1–2 mmol/kg boluses until QRS <120ms. Flush line — incompatible with calcium.

Clinical pearls

  • Not recommended routinely in cardiac arrest — produces CO₂, intracellular acidosis, hypernatraemia.
  • Clear indications: hyperkalaemia with ECG changes (broad QRS, sine wave), TCA overdose (QRS >120ms), severe hyperchloraemic acidosis, or cardiac arrest with known hyperkalaemia.
  • NEVER mix in same line as calcium. Flush with NS between drugs.
  • 8.4% = hypertonic (1000 mosmol/L). Use isotonic 1.26% for large-volume or neonatal use.

Contraindications

  • Metabolic or respiratory alkalosis
  • Hypokalaemia (bicarbonate drives K+ intracellularly)
  • Hypocalcaemia (incompatible with calcium — precipitates)
  • Respiratory acidosis when ventilation cannot be increased (CO₂ rises)

Side effects

  • Hypokalaemia, hypocalcaemia
  • Hypernatraemia, fluid overload
  • Metabolic alkalosis if overdosed
  • Paradoxical intracellular acidosis (from CO₂ production)

Interactions

  • Calcium chloride / calcium gluconate: precipitates — never in same IV line
  • Digoxin: increased toxicity as pH rises
  • Many acidic drugs: chemical incompatibility — flush line between drugs

Reference: UK Renal Association Hyperkalaemia Guidelines 2020; UK Resuscitation Council ALS 2021; NICE BNF 84. Verify against your local formulary and the latest BNF before prescribing.

Related

Curated clinical cross-links plus same-class fallbacks.