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Antiviral — Hepatitis C (Pan-Genotypic DAA) Pregnancy: §4.6: no or limited data (fewer than 300 pregnancy outcomes) in pregnant women. Sofosbuvir animal studies do not indicate reproductive toxicity; velpatasvir animal studies have shown a possible link to reproductive toxicity. As a precautionary measure, use is not recommended during pregnancy. Breast-feeding: it is unknown whether the drugs are excreted in human milk; animal data show excretion of velpatasvir and sofosbuvir metabolites in milk, so it should not be used during breast-feeding.

Sofosbuvir / Velpatasvir

Brand names: Epclusa

This is a fixed-dose oral combination of the NS5B polymerase inhibitor sofosbuvir with the NS5A inhibitor velpatasvir, a pangenotypic direct-acting antiviral regimen for chronic hepatitis C.

Auto-extracted from the source labelling — not yet independently clinician-verified. These values were distilled from the UK SPC (or the US label where noted) but have not had a clinician sign-off. Confirm against the current SmPC before prescribing.

Adult dose

Dose: One 400 mg/100 mg tablet
Route: Oral
Frequency: Once daily, with or without food
UK SPC (Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir Gilead 200 mg/50 mg film-coated tablets, previously Epclusa) §4.2: the recommended dose in adults is one 400 mg/100 mg tablet taken orally once daily with or without food. Treatment should be initiated and monitored by a physician experienced in the management of patients with HCV infection. DURATION regardless of HCV genotype (Table 1): patients without cirrhosis and patients with compensated cirrhosis — 12 weeks (addition of ribavirin may be considered for genotype 3 infected patients with compensated cirrhosis); patients with decompensated cirrhosis — sofosbuvir/velpatasvir + ribavirin for 12 weeks. Adults who have previously failed therapy with an NS5A-containing regimen — sofosbuvir/velpatasvir + ribavirin for 24 weeks may be considered. RIBAVIRIN dosing when given with sofosbuvir/velpatasvir in decompensated cirrhosis (divided into two daily doses, with food, Table 2): CPT Class B cirrhosis pre-transplant — 1,000 mg per day for patients under 75 kg and 1,200 mg for those 75 kg or more; CPT Class C pre-transplant and CPT Class B or C post-transplant — starting dose 600 mg, titrated up to a maximum of 1,000 mg (under 75 kg) or 1,200 mg (75 kg or more) if well tolerated, reduced as clinically indicated based on haemoglobin if not tolerated. If ribavirin is used in genotype 3 patients with compensated cirrhosis (pre- or post-transplant) the recommended ribavirin dose is 1,000 mg (under 75 kg) / 1,200 mg (75 kg or more). ADMINISTRATION: swallow the tablet(s) whole; do not chew or crush (bitter taste). If vomiting occurs within 3 hours of dosing an additional tablet should be taken; if more than 3 hours after dosing, no further dose is needed. Missed dose: if within 18 hours of the normal time, take as soon as possible then take the next dose at the usual time; if after 18 hours, wait and take the next dose at the usual time — do not double dose. PAEDIATRIC (Table 3, aged 3 to under 18 years, weight-banded not per-kg): 30 kg or more — one 400 mg/100 mg tablet once daily or two 200 mg/50 mg tablets once daily (400 mg/100 mg per day) for 12 weeks; 17 to under 30 kg — one 200 mg/50 mg tablet once daily (200 mg/50 mg per day) for 12 weeks; for patients weighing under 17 kg refer to the SPC for the 200 mg/50 mg or 150 mg/37.5 mg granules. Safety and efficacy in children aged under 3 years have not been established. Elderly: no dose adjustment warranted. Hepatic impairment: no dose adjustment required for CPT Class A, B or C; safety and efficacy assessed in CPT Class B but not CPT Class C cirrhosis. NOTE: the §4.5 interactions section was not captured in the source bundle — the interactions listed below are drawn from §4.3 and §4.4 only and the full §4.5 must be checked.

Dose adjustments

Renal

§4.2: no dose adjustment required for mild or moderate renal impairment. Safety data are limited in severe renal impairment (eGFR under 30 mL/min/1.73 m2) and end-stage renal disease requiring haemodialysis; it can be used in these patients with no dose adjustment when no other relevant treatment options are available.

Dose auto-extracted from UK Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) via the eMC — not yet clinician-verified. Always confirm against the product SmPC and your local formulary before prescribing.

Contraindications

  • Hypersensitivity to the active substances or to any of the excipients
  • Medicinal products that are strong P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and/or strong cytochrome P450 (CYP) inducers: carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, rifampicin, rifabutin and St John's wort

Side effects

  • No adverse drug reactions to sofosbuvir/velpatasvir were identified from clinical trials (§4.8 summary)
  • Vomiting (very common — observed in paediatric patients aged 3 to under 6 years)
  • Rash (common — post-marketing)
  • Angioedema (uncommon — post-marketing)
  • Severe bradycardia and heart block when used with amiodarone (post-marketing)
  • Stevens-Johnson syndrome (frequency not known)
  • Hepatitis B virus reactivation in HCV/HBV co-infected patients (§4.4/§4.8)

Interactions

  • Strong P-gp and/or strong CYP inducers (carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, rifampicin, rifabutin, St John's wort) — contraindicated (§4.3)
  • Amiodarone — life-threatening severe bradycardia and heart block observed when sofosbuvir-containing regimens are combined with amiodarone; use only when alternative antiarrhythmics are not tolerated or are contraindicated, with in-patient cardiac monitoring for the first 48 hours then daily heart-rate self-monitoring for at least the first 2 weeks; apply the same monitoring to patients who stopped amiodarone within the past few months (§4.4)
  • Other medicinal products containing sofosbuvir — should not be administered concurrently (§4.4)
  • Ribavirin — when co-administered, refer to the ribavirin SPC for dosing, pregnancy, contraception and breast-feeding advice (§4.2/§4.6)
  • Full §4.5 interaction section was not captured in the source bundle — verify before use

Clinical monograph

How it works

Sofosbuvir inhibits the hepatitis C NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase to block viral RNA replication, while velpatasvir inhibits the NS5A protein essential for viral replication and assembly, together suppressing the virus across genotypes.

Prescribing in practice

  • Co-administration with amiodarone can cause severe symptomatic bradycardia and should be avoided, and reactivation of hepatitis B can occur, so screen for hepatitis B before treatment.
  • Velpatasvir absorption depends on gastric acidity, so acid-reducing drugs such as proton pump inhibitors must be managed carefully, and potent enzyme inducers like certain anticonvulsants and rifampicin markedly reduce efficacy.
  • Velpatasvir is a P-glycoprotein and BCRP inhibitor that can raise levels of substrates such as some statins, requiring interaction review.

Monitoring

Assess hepatitis B status and liver function before treatment and confirm sustained virological response after completing the course.

Counselling the patient

  • Take the tablet once daily with or without food and complete the full course.
  • Tell the team about all other medicines, including heart-rhythm drugs and indigestion remedies.
  • Report a slow or irregular heartbeat, fainting or marked tiredness.

Evidence & guidelines

Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir achieves high sustained virological response rates across genotypes in the ASTRAL trials and is recommended in NICE hepatitis C guidance.

Reference: EASL HCV Recommendations 2022; Foster et al. NEJM 2015 (ASTRAL-3 genotype 3); MHRA Drug Safety Update Nov 2015 (amiodarone); Drug verified in RxNorm (NLM); confirm dosing against the manufacturer SPC (eMC). Verify against your local formulary and current prescribing references before prescribing. The structured dose values shown have been reviewed by a clinician. Monograph status: clinician-reviewed (2026-07-04).

Related

Curated clinical cross-links plus same-class fallbacks.