Anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody (immune checkpoint inhibitor)
Pregnancy: US label §8.1 Pregnancy, verbatim: 'Based on findings from animal studies and its mechanism of action, YERVOY can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. There is insufficient human data for YERVOY exposure in pregnant women. In animal reproduction studies, administration of ipilimumab to cynomolgus monkeys from the onset of organogenesis through delivery resulted in higher incidences of abortion, stillbirth, premature delivery (with corresponding lower birth weight), and higher incidences of infant mortality in a dose-related manner. The effects of ipilimumab are likely to be greater during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Human IgG1 is known to cross the placental barrier and ipilimumab is an IgG1; therefore, ipilimumab has the potential to be transmitted from the mother to the developing fetus. Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus.' §5 lists 'Embryo-Fetal Toxicity: Can cause fetal harm.' The section is truncated at the source-fetch limit, so contraception duration and lactation advice were not retrieved — obtain them from the UK SPC.
Ipilimumab (Specialist drug)
Brand names: Yervoy
Ipilimumab is a specialist intravenous immune checkpoint inhibitor used in oncology (notably advanced melanoma and other tumours); in rheumatology it is relevant chiefly because it causes immune-related adverse events, including inflammatory arthritis, that rheumatologists are asked to manage.
Adult dose
Dose:Unresectable or metastatic melanoma, single agent: 3 mg/kg every 3 weeks for a maximum of 4 doses
Route: Intravenous infusion after dilution. §2, verbatim: 'Administer by intravenous infusion after dilution based upon recommended infusion rate for each indication.' The label's own preparation and administration instructions (§2.2) were not retrieved in this bundle; infusion durations are stated only for hepatocellular carcinoma ('intravenously over 30 minutes').
Frequency: Every 3 weeks for a maximum of 4 doses in the single-agent melanoma regimen. Other licensed regimens run every 3 weeks or every 6 weeks and several continue nivolumab as a single agent afterwards — see notes.
SCOPE: the dose field carries the page's PRIMARY indication — unresectable or metastatic melanoma, treated with single-agent ipilimumab, intravenously — which is also the first indication in this label. Every other regimen in the fetched label is listed verbatim below; none of them has been used to fill the dose field. The page itself is flagged 'Specialist initiation only' and that remains true: ipilimumab is given inside an oncology protocol, not from a dose lookup. || WHY maxDose IS EMPTY: the only 'maximum' cue in this label is a maximum NUMBER OF DOSES ('for a maximum of 4 doses'), which is a course limit, not a dose ceiling; and every dose figure in the label is a per-kilogram value, which cannot go in this field. Both are carried in the dose and frequency fields instead. || ALL REGIMENS, VERBATIM (§2 Dosage and Administration). Unresectable or Metastatic Melanoma: 'YERVOY 3 mg/kg every 3 weeks for a maximum of 4 doses' and 'YERVOY 3 mg/kg immediately following nivolumab 1 mg/kg on the same day, every 3 weeks for 4 doses. After completing 4 doses of the combination, administer nivolumab as a single agent as recommended in the Full Prescribing Information for nivolumab.' Adjuvant Treatment of Melanoma: 'YERVOY 3 mg/kg every 3 weeks for 4 doses, followed by 3 mg/kg every 12 weeks for up to 4 additional doses.' Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma: 'YERVOY 1 mg/kg immediately following nivolumab 3 mg/kg on the same day, every 3 weeks for 4 doses. After completing 4 doses of the combination, administer nivolumab as a single agent...' MSI-H or dMMR colorectal cancer, in combination with nivolumab: 'Adult and pediatric patients weighing 40 kg or greater: YERVOY 1 mg/kg immediately following nivolumab 240 mg on the same day every 3 weeks for a maximum of 4 doses... Pediatric patients weighing less than 40 kg: YERVOY 1 mg/kg immediately following nivolumab 3 mg/kg on the same day every 3 weeks for a maximum of 4 doses.' Hepatocellular Carcinoma: 'YERVOY 3 mg/kg intravenously over 30 minutes immediately following nivolumab 1 mg/kg intravenously over 30 minutes on the same day, every 3 weeks for up to 4 doses.' Metastatic non-small cell lung cancer: 'YERVOY 1 mg/kg every 6 weeks with nivolumab 360 mg every 3 weeks' or 'YERVOY 1 mg/kg every 6 weeks with nivolumab 360 mg every 3 weeks and 2 cycles of platinum-doublet chemotherapy.' Malignant pleural mesothelioma: 'YERVOY 1 mg/kg every 6 weeks with nivolumab 360 mg every 3 weeks.' Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: 'YERVOY 1 mg/kg every 6 weeks with nivolumab 3 mg/kg every 2 weeks or 360 mg every 3 weeks.' || PATIENT SELECTION (§2.1): for metastatic NSCLC, 'Select patients... for treatment with YERVOY in combination with nivolumab based on PD-L1 expression'; FDA-authorised tests are used for patient selection. || DOSAGE MODIFICATIONS: the label repeatedly cross-refers to §2.3 for modifications for adverse reactions; that section was NOT retrieved in this bundle. The principle stated in §5.1 is: 'In general, withhold YERVOY for severe (grade 3) and permanently discontinue for life-threatening (grade 4) immune-mediated adverse reactions.' For infusion-related reactions (§5.2): 'Discontinue for severe and life-threatening infusion-related reactions. Interrupt or slow the rate of infusion in patients with mild or moderate infusion-related reactions.' || STRENGTHS (§3, verbatim): 'Injection: 50 mg/10 mL (5 mg/mL) and 200 mg/40 mL (5 mg/mL) as a clear to slightly opalescent, colorless to pale-yellow solution in a single-dose vial.'
Paediatric dose
Route: Intravenous infusion after dilution
Frequency: Every 3 weeks; number of doses depends on the regimen (see notes)
Concentration: 5 mg/ml
WHY dosePerKg IS NULL: there is no single per-kg per-dose figure valid across the paediatric range. Paediatric use is established only from 12 years of age, and the per-kg figure differs by indication (3 mg/kg for melanoma, 1 mg/kg in the nivolumab combinations). Nothing here should feed a weight calculator; this is a specialist protocol drug. || AGE LIMITS, verbatim (§8.4 Pediatric Use): 'The safety and effectiveness of YERVOY have been established in pediatric patients aged 12 years and older for the following indications: as a single agent and in combination with nivolumab for unresectable or metastatic melanoma, in combination with nivolumab for the treatment of MSI-H or dMMR unresectable and metastatic CRC, and in combination with nivolumab for MSI-H or dMMR mCRC that has progressed following treatment with a fluoropyrimidine, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan. Use of YERVOY for these indications is supported by evidence from adequate and well-controlled studies in adults with melanoma or MSI-H or dMMR mCRC and additional pharmacokinetic data in pediatric patients. Ipilimumab exposures in pediatric patients 12 years and older are comparable to that of adults... The safety and effectiveness of YERVOY have not been established in pediatric patients younger than 12 years old with unresectable or metastatic melanoma or MSI-H or dMMR mCRC. The safety and effectiveness of YERVOY have not been established in pediatric patients for the adjuvant treatment of melanoma or for the treatment of' — the section is TRUNCATED AT THE SOURCE-FETCH LIMIT at this point, so the full list of indications not established in children was not retrieved. || THE ONLY EXPLICITLY WEIGHT-BANDED PAEDIATRIC RULE IN THE LABEL (MSI-H or dMMR colorectal cancer with nivolumab, §2.2, verbatim): 'Adult and pediatric patients weighing 40 kg or greater: YERVOY 1 mg/kg immediately following nivolumab 240 mg on the same day every 3 weeks for a maximum of 4 doses. After completing the combination, administer nivolumab as a single agent... Pediatric patients weighing less than 40 kg: YERVOY 1 mg/kg immediately following nivolumab 3 mg/kg on the same day every 3 weeks for a maximum of 4 doses.' Note that the ipilimumab dose is the same in both bands (1 mg/kg); it is the nivolumab component that is weight-banded. || The melanoma regimens are not age-restricted in §2.2, so the adult single-agent regimen (3 mg/kg every 3 weeks for a maximum of 4 doses) is the one that applies from 12 years for that indication — but this is an oncology protocol drug and the dose must come from the treating protocol, not from this page. Verify any under-18 use against a children's formulary and the treating centre's protocol. || CONCENTRATION: 5 mg/mL, pinned by §3 ('50 mg/10 mL (5 mg/mL) and 200 mg/40 mL (5 mg/mL)'); this is the vial strength before the dilution required by §2.
Dose adjustments
Renal
No renal impairment dosage adjustment is stated in any fetched section of this label — §8.6 Use in Specific Populations was not retrieved in this bundle, so absence here is not evidence that none exists; check the UK SPC. What the label does say is that immune-mediated nephritis with renal dysfunction is a labelled warning (§5.1) managed by withholding or permanently discontinuing the drug rather than by dose reduction, and that creatinine should be evaluated at baseline and before each dose.
Hepatic
No hepatic impairment dosage adjustment is stated in any fetched section of this label — §8.6 was not retrieved in this bundle; check the UK SPC. Immune-mediated hepatitis is a labelled warning (§5.1) managed by withholding for grade 3 and permanently discontinuing for grade 4 reactions, with liver enzymes evaluated at baseline and before each dose.
Dose independently re-sourced from US FDA prescribing information (openFDA / DailyMed) — cross-check; US labelling may differ from UK — clinician-reviewed. Always confirm against the product SmPC and your local formulary before prescribing.
Contraindications
None — US label §4 Contraindications reads, verbatim: 'None.' (No UK SPC was fetched in this bundle; the UK contraindication list may differ and should be checked.)
NOT a contraindication in this label but a boxed-level warning (§5.1): 'Severe and Fatal Immune-Mediated Adverse Reactions... can occur in any organ system or tissue... and can occur at any time during treatment or after discontinuation.' In general, withhold for severe (grade 3) and permanently discontinue for life-threatening (grade 4) immune-mediated adverse reactions
NOT a contraindication but a warning (§5.2): severe and life-threatening infusion-related reactions require permanent discontinuation
NOT a contraindication but a warning (§5.3): 'Complications of allogeneic HSCT: Fatal and other serious complications can occur in patients who receive allogeneic HSCT before or after being treated with YERVOY.'
NOT a contraindication but a warning (§5): 'Embryo-Fetal Toxicity: Can cause fetal harm.' — see the pregnancy field
Side effects
Single agent, most common (≥20%), verbatim §6: 'fatigue, diarrhea, pruritus, rash, nausea, and headache'
In combination with nivolumab, most common (≥20%), verbatim §6: 'fatigue, diarrhea, rash, pruritus, nausea, musculoskeletal pain, pyrexia, cough, decreased appetite, vomiting, abdominal pain, dyspnea, upper respiratory tract infection, arthralgia, headache, hypothyroidism, constipation, decreased weight, and dizziness'
In combination with nivolumab and platinum-doublet chemotherapy, most common (≥20%), verbatim §6: 'fatigue, musculoskeletal pain, nausea, diarrhea, rash, decreased appetite, constipation, and pruritus'
Immune-mediated adverse reactions named in §5.1: 'immune-mediated colitis, immune-mediated hepatitis, immune-mediated dermatologic adverse reactions, immune-mediated endocrinopathies, immune-mediated pneumonitis, and immune-mediated nephritis with renal dysfunction' — these 'can occur in any organ system or tissue' and 'at any time during treatment or after discontinuation', and can be severe or fatal
Infusion-related reactions (§5.2) — mild or moderate reactions are managed by interrupting or slowing the infusion; severe and life-threatening reactions require discontinuation
Complications of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, including fatal ones, in patients transplanted before or after treatment (§5.3)
Note: §6.1 Clinical Trials Experience is truncated at the source-fetch limit, so the frequency tables behind these summary lists were not retrieved
Monitoring
Baseline and pre-dose bloods, verbatim §5.1: 'Evaluate clinical chemistries including liver enzymes, creatinine, adrenocorticotropic hormone level and thyroid function including at baseline and before each dose.'
Active surveillance for immune-mediated adverse reactions in every organ system, at any time during treatment and after discontinuation — §5.1: 'Monitor for symptoms and signs that may be clinical manifestations of IMAR.'
Watch for infusion-related reactions during administration and be ready to interrupt, slow or stop the infusion (§5.2)
In patients who have had or may have allogeneic HSCT, watch for transplant-related complications, which can be fatal (§5.3)
For metastatic NSCLC, confirm PD-L1 expression by an FDA-authorised test before selecting the combination (§2.1); for colorectal cancer, MSI-H or dMMR status determines eligibility
Advise pregnant patients of the potential risk to a fetus and report pregnancies to the manufacturer (§8.1)
The label's full dosage-modification table (§2.3) was not retrieved in this bundle — obtain it, or the UK SPC equivalent, before managing a toxicity
Clinical monograph
How it works
It is a monoclonal antibody against CTLA-4 that removes a key brake on T-cell activation, enhancing antitumour immune responses.
Prescribing in practice
Immune-related adverse events affecting the bowel, liver, skin, endocrine glands and joints can be severe and the cornerstone of management is prompt recognition and corticosteroid or immunosuppressive treatment.
Endocrinopathies such as hypophysitis, thyroid dysfunction and adrenal insufficiency may present non-specifically and require a high index of suspicion.
Immune toxicities can arise during or long after treatment, so co-prescribing and inter-specialty communication must account for delayed effects.
Monitoring
Monitor liver, thyroid and other endocrine function and watch for colitis, dermatitis and arthritis throughout and after treatment, guided by the SPC and oncology protocols.
Counselling the patient
Report new diarrhoea, rashes, fatigue or joint swelling without delay.
Do not start steroids or other immune medicines without informing your oncology team.
Immune side effects can appear weeks or months after dosing.
Evidence & guidelines
Randomised trials in advanced melanoma demonstrate improved overall survival, and the immune-related arthritis it provokes is well described in rheumatology literature.
Reference: NICE TA319/TA744; ESMO immunotherapy toxicity guidelines; Drug verified in RxNorm (NLM); confirm dosing against the manufacturer SPC (eMC). Verify against your local formulary and current prescribing references before prescribing.
The structured dose values shown have been reviewed by a clinician.
Monograph status: clinician-reviewed (2026-07-04).
Related
Curated clinical cross-links plus same-class fallbacks.