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endocrinology vascular ortho-trauma

Wagner-Meggitt Classification of Diabetic Foot Ulcers

Classic 6-grade classification of diabetic foot ulcers based on depth and ischaemia (Meggitt 1976; Wagner 1981). Drives debridement, antibiotic and amputation decisions. Complemented by University of Texas system (which also grades infection and ischaemia).

Score interpretation

At-risk foot 0

→ Education, daily inspection, podiatry, off-loading footwear. Annual diabetes foot screen per NICE NG19.

Superficial ulcer 1

→ MDT diabetic foot service per NICE NG19. Off-loading (total contact cast or removable cast walker), local wound care, optimise glycaemia, treat infection if signs (localised cellulitis: flucloxacillin).

Deep ulcer to tendon/capsule 2

→ Diabetic-foot MDT urgently. Probe-to-bone test; X-ray ± MRI to exclude osteomyelitis. IV antibiotics (cover S. aureus + streptococci ± Gram-negatives if chronic). Vascular assessment (ABPI, duplex).

Abscess / osteomyelitis 3

→ Admit. Surgical debridement of infected bone; bone biopsy for culture. IV broad-spectrum (e.g. piperacillin-tazobactam) → narrow per culture; ≥4–6 weeks if osteomyelitis. Revascularise if PAD. Multidisciplinary input.

Localised gangrene 4

→ Urgent vascular assessment for revascularisation; if not feasible, partial amputation (toe, ray). Optimise glycaemia, nutrition. Wound healing typically prolonged — follow-up in MDT clinic.

Whole-foot gangrene 5

→ Major amputation (below-knee) usually required; multidisciplinary preoperative optimisation. Pre-prosthetic rehabilitation planning. Mortality 5-year >50% — discuss prognosis.

Interpretation bands for the Wagner-Meggitt. Apply clinical judgement and local guidance.

References

Related

Curated clinical cross-links plus same-class fallbacks.

Decision support only — verify against a current formulary, NICE, or your local guideline before clinical use.