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ortho-trauma

Pauwels Classification of Femoral Neck Fractures

Classifies femoral neck fractures by angle of fracture line from horizontal (Pauwels 1935). Higher angle = more shear stress, worse prognosis, more likely to fail with screws alone.

Score interpretation

Type I — Stable 1

→ Internal fixation (3 cannulated screws) preferred in young patients; hemiarthroplasty in elderly per NICE CG124. Low non-union risk.

Type II — Intermediate 2

→ Internal fixation with 3 screws or sliding hip screw in young; arthroplasty in elderly or displaced. Discuss outcomes carefully.

Type III — Vertical / Unstable 3

→ High shear forces — high non-union and AVN risk. In young (<55): fixed-angle implant (sliding hip screw + anti-rotation screw, or femoral neck system) within 24 h; consider osteotomy if non-union. In elderly: total hip arthroplasty (NICE CG124).

Interpretation bands for the Pauwels. Apply clinical judgement and local guidance.

References

Related

Curated clinical cross-links plus same-class fallbacks.

Decision support only — verify against a current formulary, NICE, or your local guideline before clinical use.