Burns
Also: thermal injury · burn injury
Burns require rapid estimation of burn size and depth to guide fluid resuscitation, analgesia and referral. Body-surface-area tools and resuscitation formulae are central to early care.
The relevant tools and pathways are gathered here.
Calculators & scores
- TBSA — Total Body Surface Area Burned (Rule of Nines)Formula
- Rule of Nines — Burns Body Surface AreaBurns
- Parkland Formula for Burns Fluid ResuscitationBurns
- Lund-Browder Chart — TBSA Burn EstimationBurns
- Paediatric Burn TBSA (Lund-Browder)Burns
- Roper-Hall Classification of Chemical Ocular BurnsOcular Trauma
- Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS)Scar Assessment
- Dua Classification of Chemical Ocular InjuriesOcular Trauma
Decision pathways
Drugs
- Morphine (IV/IM — Anaesthesia/ICU)Strong Opioid Analgesic
- Acetylcysteine (N-acetylcysteine — Paracetamol Overdose)Mucolytic / Hepatoprotective Antidote
- Silver Sulfadiazine 1% CreamTopical antimicrobial (silver-sulfonamide)
- MorphineAnalgesic
- Paracetamol with buclizine and codeineCombined analgesic + antihistamine + opioid
- Paracetamol with isomethepteneCombined analgesic + sympathomimetic
- Tramadol with paracetamolOpioid + paracetamol combination
- ParacetamolAnalgesic / Antipyretic
- Morphine (Oral)Strong Opioid Analgesic — Step 3 WHO Ladder
- Co-codamol (codeine + paracetamol)Compound analgesic (weak opioid + paracetamol)
- Kaolin with morphineAntidiarrhoeal (kaolin) + opioid
- Dihydrocodeine with paracetamolOpioid + paracetamol combination
Decision support only. These tools are aggregated by topic to aid navigation — always apply clinical judgement and the relevant national or local guideline.