Birch bark extracts (betulin)
Brand names: Filsuvez, Episalvan
Birch bark extract (containing betulin and related triterpenes) is a topical gel used to aid wound healing, particularly of partial-thickness skin wounds including those from skin grafting and certain epidermolysis bullosa lesions.
Adult dose
Paediatric dose
Dose adjustments
§4.2: 'No studies have been conducted with Filsuvez in patients with renal or hepatic impairment. No dose adjustment or special considerations are anticipated for patients with renal or hepatic impairment (see section 5.2).'
§4.2: covered by the same sentence as renal impairment — no studies conducted, no dose adjustment or special considerations anticipated.
Dose independently re-sourced from UK Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) via the eMC — clinician-reviewed. Always confirm against the product SmPC and your local formulary before prescribing.
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to the excipient listed in section 6.1 (§4.3 — this is the only contraindication, and §4.3 was retrieved complete)
- Not for ophthalmic use and not to be applied to mucous membranes (§4.2)
- In the case of wound infection, 'it is recommended to interrupt treatment'; treatment may be re-initiated once the infection has resolved (§4.4)
- Discontinue immediately if local or systemic hypersensitivity occurs (§4.4)
- Discontinue treatment to the affected area if squamous cell carcinoma or another skin malignancy is diagnosed (§4.4)
- NOT contraindicated in birch pollen allergy — §4.4 states 'Filsuvez is safe to use for people who are allergic to birch pollen, as these allergens are not present in this medicinal product'
Side effects
- Wound complication — the most frequent adverse reaction, 'in 11.6% of EB patients and 2.9% of patients with other partial thickness wounds'; in EB studies this 'comprised different kinds of local complications such as increase in wound size, wound re-opening, wound pain and wound haemorrhage'
- Application site reactions — 'in 5.8% of EB patients'; 'Mild or moderate application site reactions are common and include application site pain and application site pruritis'
- Wound infections — 'in 4.0% of EB patients'
- Pruritus — 'in 3.1% of EB patients and 1.3% of patients with other PTW'
- Hypersensitivity reactions — 'in 1.3% of EB patients'; 'These reactions include rash, urticaria and eczema which were mild in 1.3% of patients and severe in 0.4% of patients'
- Pain of skin — 'in 2.5% of patients with other PTW'
- Uncommon: dermatitis, pruritic rash, purpura, wound secretion (the dermatitis, rash, purpura and pain entries were observed in studies of patients with grade 2a burn wounds or split-thickness skin grafts)
- NOTE: §4.8 is cut off at the source-fetch limit inside the paediatric paragraph, so this is not the complete adverse-reaction section
Monitoring
- §4.2: 'If symptoms persist or worsen after use, or if wound complications occur, the patient's condition should be fully clinically assessed prior to continuation of treatment, and regularly re evaluated thereafter.'
- §4.4, wound infection: 'wound infection is an important and serious complication that can occur during wound healing. In the case of infection, it is recommended to interrupt treatment. Additional standard treatment may be required. Treatment may be re-initiated once the infection has resolved.'
- §4.4, skin malignancy: 'Patients with dystrophic EB (DEB) and junctional EB (JEB) may be at increased risk of development of squamous cell carcinoma... In the case of diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma or other skin malignancies, treatment to the affected area should be discontinued.'
- §4.4, DDEB and JEB: 'The patient's condition should be regularly evaluated to assess the benefit of continued treatment.'
- §4.4, hypersensitivity: 'If signs and symptoms of local or systemic hypersensitivity occur, Filsuvez should be discontinued immediately and appropriate therapy should be initiated.'
- §4.4, accidental eye exposure: 'In the case of exposure to eyes product should be removed by eye irrigation.'
Clinical monograph
How it works
The triterpene constituents are thought to modulate inflammatory mediators and keratinocyte differentiation and migration, promoting re-epithelialisation of partial-thickness wounds.
Prescribing in practice
- It is intended for application to the wound surface under a dressing and should be used as directed for the licensed wound indications rather than as a general topical.
- Local skin reactions such as wound-related pain, itching or healing complications may occur.
- It is not a substitute for appropriate wound debridement, infection control and standard wound care.
Monitoring
Monitor wound healing and the surrounding skin at dressing changes for progress and signs of infection.
Counselling the patient
- Apply a generous layer to the cleaned wound and cover with a dressing as advised.
- Report increasing pain, redness or discharge that could indicate infection.
- Continue standard wound care and attend planned reviews.
Evidence & guidelines
Birch bark extract gel is licensed for the treatment of partial-thickness skin wounds based on its wound-healing clinical trial programme.
Reference: NICE TA evaluation; DEBRA UK; SmPC; Drug verified in RxNorm (NLM); confirm dosing against the manufacturer SPC (eMC). Verify against your local formulary and current prescribing references before prescribing. The structured dose values shown have been reviewed by a clinician. Monograph status: clinician-reviewed (2026-07-04).
Related
Curated clinical cross-links plus same-class fallbacks.
- Suspicious Pigmented Lesion — Melanoma Pathway · NICE NG14 2015 / BAD
- Cellulitis and Erysipelas · NICE NG141 2019 / CREST
- Psoriasis — Severity Assessment and Step-Up Therapy · NICE NG153 2019 / BAD
- Atopic Eczema — Assessment and Step-Up Therapy · NICE NG95 2023
- Urticaria and Angioedema · BSACI / EAACI Guidelines 2022
- Acne Vulgaris — Grading and Treatment · NICE NG198 2021 / BAD