Skip to content
ClinCalc Pro
Menu
Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Replacement (Enzyme Supplement) Pregnancy: UK SPC §4.6: no animal reproduction studies have been conducted with Respreeza and its safety for use in human pregnancy has not been established in controlled clinical trials. Since alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor is an endogenous human protein, it is considered unlikely that Respreeza will cause harm to the foetus when given at recommended doses; however, it should be given with caution to pregnant women. Breast-feeding: it is unknown whether Respreeza or its metabolites are excreted in human milk, and excretion of human alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor in milk has not been studied in animals — a decision to continue or discontinue breast-feeding or therapy should take account of the benefit of breast-feeding to the child and of therapy to the woman. Fertility: no animal fertility studies have been conducted and the effect on human fertility has not been established in controlled clinical trials; as an endogenous human protein, no adverse effects on fertility are expected at recommended doses.

Alpha-1 Proteinase Inhibitor

Brand names: Respreeza (human alpha-1-antitrypsin)

Alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor is a plasma-derived replacement protein used as augmentation therapy in patients with severe alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency and associated emphysema.

Adult dose

Dose: Alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor deficiency (the indication §4.2 names — 'the treatment of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor deficiency') — 60 mg/kg body weight once weekly
Route: Intravenous infusion only, after reconstitution. The powder must be reconstituted with water for injections and administered using an intravenous administration set. The reconstituted solution should be infused intravenously at an infusion rate of about 0.08 ml/kg body weight/min; this rate may be adjusted based upon patient tolerability. At the recommended dose of 60 mg/kg the infusion will take approximately 15 minutes.
Frequency: Once weekly
Source: UK SPC (eMC) for Respreeza 1,000 mg powder and solvent for solution for infusion, §4.2 (https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/7026/smpc). SCOPE: the figures above are Respreeza's. If any other alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor product is used, dose it from that product's own SPC — a per-product check, not an assumption that all alpha-1-proteinase inhibitors share a regimen; no other product was fetched in this bundle. NO MAXIMUM DOSE is stated in §4.2 — 60 mg/kg once weekly is the single recommended dose, so no maxDose field is given here rather than inventing a ceiling. SUPERVISION (§4.2): 'First infusions should be administered under the supervision of a healthcare professional experienced in the treatment of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor deficiency. Subsequent infusions can be administered by a caregiver or by the patient.' There are limited data on home-treatment/self-administration; the treating doctor decides suitability and must ensure appropriate training (reconstitution, use of the Mix2Vial set, assembly of intravenous tubing, infusion technique, maintenance of a treatment diary, identification of adverse reactions and the measures to take), reviewed at regular intervals. INFUSION REACTIONS: if any reaction occurs that might be related to administration, decrease the rate or stop the administration as the patient's clinical condition requires; if symptoms subside promptly after stopping, the infusion may be resumed at a lower rate that is comfortable for the patient. PAEDIATRIC: paedDose is null because the label carries no paediatric figure — VERBATIM §4.2: 'The safety and efficacy of Respreeza in the paediatric population (below 18 years) have not been established. No data are available.' Do not scale the adult 60 mg/kg for a child from this bundle. ELDERLY: safety and efficacy in patients 65 years of age or older have not been established in specific clinical trials. RENAL/HEPATIC IMPAIRMENT: no special investigations have been performed and no alternative dose regimen can be recommended in those patients. One vial is for single use only. TRACEABILITY: record the name and batch number of the administered product each time. SOURCE NOTE: §4.4 in this bundle is truncated at the source-fetch limit (it ends mid-sentence in the transmissible-agents paragraph) and §4.5 was not retrieved — verify the full warnings and interactions sections before use. §4.2 was retrieved complete and is the basis of every figure above.

Dose independently re-sourced from UK Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) via the eMC — clinician-reviewed. Always confirm against the product SmPC and your local formulary before prescribing.

Contraindications

  • Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1
  • IgA deficient patients with known antibodies against IgA, due to the risk of severe hypersensitivity and anaphylactic reactions

Side effects

  • Hypersensitivity or allergic reactions have been observed during treatment; in the most serious cases they may progress to severe anaphylactic reactions even when the patient has shown no hypersensitivity to previous administrations
  • Common: dizziness, headache, dyspnoea, nausea, urticaria and rash (including exfoliative and generalized), asthenia, infusion-site reactions (including infusion site haematoma)
  • Uncommon: lymph node pain, hypersensitivity reactions (including tachycardia, hypotension, confusion, syncope, decreased oxygen consumption and pharyngeal oedema), paraesthesia, eye swelling, flushing, lip swelling, hyperhidrosis, pruritus, chest pain, chills, pyrexia
  • Very rare: hypoaesthesia, face swelling
  • Frequency not known (post-marketing): anaphylactic reactions
  • Product is prepared from human plasma — despite donor selection, screening of individual donations and plasma pools, and effective viral inactivation/removal manufacturing steps, the possibility of transmitting infective agents cannot be totally excluded, including unknown or emerging viruses and other pathogens

Monitoring

  • During the first infusions the patient's clinical state, including vital signs, should be closely monitored throughout the infusion period (§4.4)
  • Adhere to the recommended infusion rate of about 0.08 ml/kg body weight/min; slow or stop the infusion if a reaction occurs that may be related to administration
  • Watch for hypersensitivity — reactions may occur even in patients who have tolerated previous treatment with human alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor. The product may contain trace amounts of IgA, so patients with selective or severe IgA deficiency can develop antibodies to IgA and have a greater risk of potentially severe hypersensitivity and anaphylactic reactions. Suspected allergic or anaphylactic reactions may require immediate discontinuation; in case of shock, give emergency medical treatment
  • Patients on home-treatment/self-administration should be informed of the signs of hypersensitivity reactions, and their use reviewed at regular intervals
  • Record the product name and batch number at every administration (traceability of biological medicinal products)

Clinical monograph

How it works

It supplements deficient circulating alpha-1 antitrypsin, restoring protease-antiprotease balance and limiting neutrophil-elastase-mediated destruction of lung tissue.

Prescribing in practice

  • As a human plasma-derived product it carries a theoretical risk of transmissible infection and may cause hypersensitivity reactions, so administer where these can be managed.
  • It is given by intravenous infusion, typically on a regular scheduled basis.
  • Use is restricted to confirmed severe deficiency with demonstrable lung disease rather than deficiency alone.

Monitoring

Monitor for infusion-related and hypersensitivity reactions during administration and review respiratory status over time.

Counselling the patient

  • This treatment replaces a protein you are missing and is given by a drip.
  • Report rash, fever, breathlessness or other reactions during or after infusion.
  • Smoking cessation remains essential to protect your lungs.

Evidence & guidelines

Augmentation therapy is supported in confirmed severe alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency per specialist respiratory guidance and the SPC.

Reference: NICE EAMS (Respreeza assessment); RAPID trial (Lancet 2015); Alpha-1 Foundation guidelines; ERS Statement on AATD (Eur Respir J 2017); Confirm identity and dosing against the manufacturer SPC (eMC) and NICE. Verify against your local formulary and current prescribing references before prescribing. The structured dose values shown have been reviewed by a clinician. Monograph status: clinician-reviewed (2026-07-04).

Related

Curated clinical cross-links plus same-class fallbacks.