Adalimumab
Brand names: Humira, Amgevita, Hyrimoz (biosimilars)
Adalimumab is a fully human anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) monoclonal antibody and biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug used in rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and other immune-mediated conditions.
Adult dose
Paediatric dose
Dose adjustments
Not stated — neither the fetched UK SPC sections nor the fetched US label sections contain a renal impairment dosing statement.
Not stated — neither the fetched UK SPC sections nor the fetched US label sections contain a hepatic impairment dosing statement.
Dose independently re-sourced from UK Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) via the eMC; US FDA prescribing information (openFDA / DailyMed) — cross-check; US labelling may differ from UK — clinician-reviewed. Always confirm against the product SmPC and your local formulary before prescribing.
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients (UK SPC §4.3)
- Active tuberculosis or other severe infections such as sepsis, and opportunistic infections (UK SPC §4.3)
- Moderate to severe heart failure (NYHA class III/IV) (UK SPC §4.3)
- Note: the US label in this bundle states 'CONTRAINDICATIONS None.' — the three entries above are from the UK SPC and are the ones that apply in UK practice
Side effects
- Infections — nasopharyngitis, upper and lower respiratory tract infection, sinusitis, pneumonia (respiratory tract infections are VERY COMMON, >=1/10, in the UK SPC table)
- Injection site reactions — erythema, itching, haemorrhage, pain or swelling (among the most commonly reported reactions; 20% of adalimumab-treated patients in the US placebo-controlled trials)
- Headache and musculoskeletal pain (among the most commonly reported reactions)
- Rash (most common adverse reactions >10% in the US label)
- Serious and fatal or life-threatening infections, including sepsis, opportunistic infections and tuberculosis (reactivation and new onset, pulmonary and extra-pulmonary/disseminated)
- Hepatitis B virus reactivation
- Malignancies — including leukaemia, lymphoma and hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma; malignancy incidence was greater in adalimumab-treated patients than controls in the US label
- Central and peripheral demyelinating events (exacerbation or new onset)
- Worsening or new-onset heart failure
- Lupus, lupus-related conditions and Stevens-Johnson syndrome (rare)
- Haematological reactions — rare reports of pancytopenia and aplastic anaemia; cytopenias
- Anaphylaxis or serious hypersensitivity reactions
Monitoring
- Tuberculosis: before initiation all patients must be evaluated for both active and inactive ('latent') tuberculosis infection, including detailed history of TB or possible previous exposure and previous/current immunosuppressive therapy; appropriate screening tests (tuberculin skin test and chest x-ray) should be performed in all patients (UK SPC §4.4)
- Infection: patients must be monitored closely for infections, including tuberculosis, before, during and after treatment — 'Because the elimination of adalimumab may take up to four months, monitoring should be continued throughout this period' (UK SPC §4.4)
- Hepatitis B: 'Monitor HBV carriers during and several months after therapy. If reactivation occurs, stop [treatment] and begin anti-viral therapy' (US label §5.4)
- Patients who develop a new infection while on treatment should be monitored closely and undergo a complete diagnostic evaluation; discontinue if a new serious infection or sepsis develops (UK SPC §4.4)
- Patients aged 65 and over: closely monitor for the development of infection or malignancy (US label §8.5)
- Record the brand name and batch number of the administered product for traceability of biological medicinal products (UK SPC §4.4)
- Note: no routine FBC/LFT/U&E schedule is specified in the fetched sections.
Clinical monograph
How it works
It binds and neutralises tumour necrosis factor alpha, preventing its interaction with cell-surface receptors and reducing the inflammatory cascade driving these diseases.
Prescribing in practice
- Screen for and treat latent tuberculosis and check hepatitis B status before starting, as TNF inhibition can reactivate serious infections.
- Avoid initiating during active serious infection and use with caution in heart failure and in patients with a history of demyelinating disease.
- Live vaccines should be avoided during treatment; bring immunisations up to date beforehand where possible.
Monitoring
Monitor for signs of infection and tuberculosis reactivation throughout treatment, and review periodically for malignancy risk and disease response.
Counselling the patient
- Report fever, persistent cough, weight loss or night sweats, which may indicate infection or tuberculosis.
- Avoid live vaccines and tell other clinicians you are on a biologic; carry your alert card.
- Store the injection in the fridge and follow training on self-injection technique and sharps disposal.
Evidence & guidelines
NICE technology appraisals support adalimumab across several inflammatory conditions after inadequate response to conventional therapy.
Reference: NICE TA715/TA130; BSR Biologic DMARD Guidelines 2021; Drug verified in RxNorm (NLM); confirm dosing against the manufacturer SPC (eMC). Verify against your local formulary and current prescribing references before prescribing. The structured dose values shown have been reviewed by a clinician. Monograph status: clinician-reviewed (2026-07-04).
Related
Curated clinical cross-links plus same-class fallbacks.
- SMART2 Risk Score for Recurrent Vascular Events · Cardiovascular Risk
- PCSK9 Inhibitor Eligibility (NICE TA393 / TA394) · Lipid Management
- PASI Score (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index) · Psoriasis
- DLQI (Dermatology Life Quality Index) · Quality of Life
- Immune-Related Adverse Events (irAE) -- GI Toxicity Colitis Grading · Oncology-Related GI
- irAE Hepatitis Grading (CTCAE) · Immunotherapy
- Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus · BAD; EULAR
- Osteoporosis / Fragility Fracture · NOGG 2021; NICE NG147; NG224
- Arteritic AION (Giant Cell Arteritis) · RCOphth; BSR
- Osteoarthritis Hip / Knee Management · NICE NG226 (2022)
- Lupus Nephritis · EULAR/ERA-EDTA 2019; KDIGO 2024
- Rheumatoid Arthritis Management · NICE CG79 2018 / EULAR 2022