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Anti-PD-L1 Monoclonal Antibody — Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor (Specialist Oncology Drug) Pregnancy: US label §8.1: based on its mechanism of action, avelumab can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman; there are no available data on use in pregnant women. Blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway can increase the risk of immune-mediated rejection of the developing fetus resulting in fetal death, and human IgG1 is known to cross the placenta. Advise females of reproductive potential of the potential risk to a fetus and of the need for effective contraception.

Avelumab

Brand names: Bavencio

Avelumab is a monoclonal antibody immune checkpoint inhibitor used in certain cancers, including Merkel cell carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma.

Auto-extracted from the source labelling — not yet independently clinician-verified. These values were distilled from the UK SPC (or the US label where noted) but have not had a clinician sign-off. Confirm against the current SmPC before prescribing.

Adult dose

Dose: 800 mg every 2 weeks for all three labelled indications — metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), urothelial carcinoma (UC), and advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC, in combination with axitinib 5 mg orally twice daily)
Route: Intravenous infusion over 60 minutes
Frequency: Every 2 weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity
NO UK SPC WAS FETCHED FOR THIS PRODUCT — dose taken from the US FDA prescribing information for BAVENCIO, EMD Serono Inc., label date 2025-06-13 (https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=8e1f3b1c-5aab-408c-930e-619daa6afa8a). VERIFY AGAINST THE UK SPC BEFORE PUBLISHING. VERBATIM (§2.2/§2.3): 'The recommended dosage of BAVENCIO is 800 mg administered as an intravenous infusion over 60 minutes every 2 weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.' RCC (§2.4): 'The recommended dosage of BAVENCIO is 800 mg administered as an intravenous infusion over 60 minutes every 2 weeks in combination with axitinib 5 mg orally taken twice daily (12 hours apart) with or without food until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. When axitinib is used in combination with BAVENCIO, dose escalation of axitinib above the initial 5 mg dose may be considered at intervals of two weeks or longer. Review the Full Prescribing Information for axitinib prior to initiation.' PREMEDICATION (§2.1): premedicate with an antihistamine and with paracetamol (US label: acetaminophen) prior to the first 4 infusions; premedication for subsequent doses is based on clinical judgment and the presence/severity of prior infusion reactions. DOSE MODIFICATIONS (§2.5): 'No dose reduction for BAVENCIO is recommended.' In general, withhold for severe (Grade 3) immune-mediated adverse reactions; permanently discontinue for life-threatening (Grade 4) immune-mediated adverse reactions, recurrent severe (Grade 3) immune-mediated reactions requiring systemic immunosuppressive treatment, or an inability to reduce the corticosteroid dose to 10 mg or less of prednisone or equivalent per day within 12 weeks of initiating corticosteroids. Infusion-related reactions: Grade 1 or 2 — interrupt or slow the rate of infusion; Grade 3 or 4 — permanently discontinue. Myocarditis Grade 2, 3 or 4 — permanently discontinue. Organ-specific withhold/discontinue thresholds for pneumonitis, colitis, hepatitis (with and without tumour involvement of the liver), endocrinopathies, nephritis, and exfoliative dermatologic conditions are tabulated in §2.5 of the label. PAEDIATRIC (§8.4): safety and effectiveness have been established in patients aged 12 years and older for metastatic MCC and 'the recommended dose in pediatric patients 12 years of age or greater is the same as that in adults'; safety and effectiveness have not been established below 12 years of age. NOTE: the flat 800 mg dose is current; historical trials referenced in §8.5 used 10 mg/kg — do not use the weight-based dose.

Dose auto-extracted from US FDA prescribing information (openFDA / DailyMed) — cross-check; US labelling may differ from UK — not yet clinician-verified. Always confirm against the product SmPC and your local formulary before prescribing.

Contraindications

  • None stated — the US label §4 CONTRAINDICATIONS reads 'None.'

Side effects

  • Immune-mediated adverse reactions, which may be severe or fatal, in any organ system — including pneumonitis, colitis, hepatitis, endocrinopathies, nephritis with renal dysfunction and dermatologic reactions; may result in solid organ transplant rejection
  • Infusion-related reactions
  • MCC (at least 20%): fatigue, musculoskeletal pain, infusion-related reaction, rash, nausea, constipation, cough and diarrhoea
  • UC maintenance (at least 20%): fatigue, musculoskeletal pain, urinary tract infection and rash
  • RCC with axitinib (at least 20%): diarrhoea, fatigue, hypertension, musculoskeletal pain, nausea, mucositis, palmar-plantar erythrodysaesthesia, dysphonia, decreased appetite, hypothyroidism, rash, hepatotoxicity, cough, dyspnoea, abdominal pain and headache
  • Major adverse cardiovascular events (discontinue avelumab in combination with axitinib for Grade 3–4 events) and complications of allogeneic HSCT

Clinical monograph

How it works

It binds programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), blocking its interaction with PD-1 and restoring T-cell-mediated anti-tumour immune responses.

Prescribing in practice

  • It can cause immune-related adverse effects affecting many organ systems, which may be serious and require corticosteroids and treatment interruption.
  • Infusion-related reactions can occur and premedication may be used to reduce risk.
  • It is a specialist oncology medicine administered by intravenous infusion under cancer services.

Monitoring

Monitor for immune-related adverse effects across organ systems and for infusion reactions before and during each cycle.

Counselling the patient

  • Report any new or worsening symptoms such as diarrhoea, breathlessness, rash or fatigue, as these may reflect immune-related effects.
  • Carry an alert card identifying you as receiving immunotherapy.

Evidence & guidelines

Avelumab is supported by clinical trial evidence in Merkel cell and urothelial carcinoma and is recommended within defined indications.

Reference: NICE TA521 (Avelumab for Merkel cell carcinoma, 2018); NICE TA644 (Avelumab maintenance for urothelial carcinoma, 2020); JAVELIN Bladder 100 trial (NEJM 2020); ESMO MCC Guidelines; Drug verified in RxNorm (NLM); confirm dosing against the manufacturer SPC (eMC). Verify against your local formulary and current prescribing references before prescribing. The structured dose values shown have been reviewed by a clinician. Monograph status: clinician-reviewed (2026-07-04).

Related

Curated clinical cross-links plus same-class fallbacks.