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Plain-language information for patients

What is atrial fibrillation?

Atrial fibrillation, or AF, is the most common abnormal heart rhythm. The heart's upper chambers beat in a fast, irregular way, which can cause palpitations and — importantly — raises the risk of stroke.

What does it feel like?

Some people feel a fluttering or racing heartbeat, breathlessness, tiredness or dizziness; others have no symptoms at all and it is found by chance. An irregular pulse is the classic sign.

AF can come and go (paroxysmal) or be persistent. It becomes more common with age and with conditions such as high blood pressure.

Why it matters: stroke risk

In AF, blood can pool and form clots in the heart, which may travel to the brain and cause a stroke. Because of this, doctors assess each person's stroke risk and often recommend a blood-thinning medicine (anticoagulant) to reduce it.

Treatment also focuses on controlling the heart rate or rhythm and treating any underlying cause. Seek urgent help for chest pain, severe breathlessness, or stroke symptoms.

Common questions

Is atrial fibrillation dangerous?

AF itself is rarely immediately life-threatening, but its main danger is a higher risk of stroke, which is why anticoagulation is often advised. It is important to have it assessed and managed.

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This page is general information, not personal medical advice, and does not replace a consultation with a qualified health professional. If you are worried about your health, please speak to your GP, pharmacist, or another clinician. Last reviewed 2026-06-09.