GALAD Model for HCC Diagnosis
GALAD biomarker model for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis. Combines sex, age, AFP-L3, AFP, and DCP (PIVKA-II).
Score interpretation
→ GALAD z-score high: Elevated probability of HCC. Urgent multiphase CT or MRI with contrast (LI-RADS); hepatology and oncology MDT referral; biopsy if imaging inconclusive. Consider sorafenib/lenvatinib if unresectable; surgical/ablative therapy if localised.
→ GALAD z-score borderline: Intermediate HCC probability. 6-weekly imaging follow-up; repeat biomarkers in 3 months; hepatology review; optimise underlying liver disease (antiviral therapy, abstinence).
→ GALAD z-score low: Low HCC probability. Continue 6-monthly ultrasound surveillance per EASL/AASLD guidelines; optimise chronic liver disease management.
Interpretation bands for the GALAD Model. Apply clinical judgement and local guidance.
References
Related
Curated clinical cross-links plus same-class fallbacks.
- Maddrey's Discriminant Function for Alcoholic Hepatitis · Hepatology
- Lille Model for Alcoholic Hepatitis · Hepatology
- NAFLD Fibrosis Score · Hepatology
- AST to Platelet Ratio Index (APRI) · Hepatology
- West Haven Criteria for Hepatic Encephalopathy · Hepatology
- EVendo Score for Oesophageal Varices · Hepatology
Decision support only — verify against a current formulary, NICE, or your local guideline before clinical use.