European viper snake venom antiserum

How it works

It contains antibody fragments that bind and neutralise circulating viper venom components, limiting their local and systemic toxic effects.

Prescribing in practice

• Reserve for patients with signs of significant systemic or progressive local envenoming, and be prepared to treat anaphylaxis, as serious hypersensitivity reactions can occur.
• Administer in a setting with full resuscitation facilities and adrenaline immediately available.
• Discuss management with the National Poisons Information Service, as further doses may be required if envenoming progresses.

Monitoring

Monitor closely for hypersensitivity reactions during administration and reassess local and systemic envenoming features afterwards.

Counselling the patient

• Explain that this antivenom neutralises adder venom and is reserved for serious bites.
• Warn about the possibility of an allergic reaction during or after treatment.
• Advise reporting rash, breathlessness or feeling faint immediately.

Evidence & guidelines

Antivenom is the specific treatment for significant viper envenoming in the UK, with use and supply coordinated through the National Poisons Information Service.