Pseudoephedrine
Brand names: Sudafed
Pseudoephedrine is an oral sympathomimetic decongestant used for the relief of nasal and sinus congestion associated with colds, allergic rhinitis and sinusitis.
Adult dose
Dose adjustments
§4.2: caution in moderate renal impairment. §4.3 contraindicates severe acute or chronic kidney disease / renal failure. No numeric dose reduction is given in the SPC.
§4.2: caution in severe hepatic impairment. No numeric dose reduction is given in the SPC.
Dose independently re-sourced from UK Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) via the eMC; US FDA prescribing information (openFDA / DailyMed) — cross-check; US labelling may differ from UK — clinician-reviewed. Always confirm against the product SmPC and your local formulary before prescribing.
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to pseudoephedrine or to any of the excipients
- Concomitant use of other sympathomimetic decongestants
- Concomitant use of beta-blockers
- Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), or within 14 days of stopping MAOI treatment — risk of a rise in blood pressure and/or hypertensive crisis
- Cardiovascular disease including hypertension
- Diabetes mellitus
- Phaeochromocytoma
- Hyperthyroidism
- Closed angle glaucoma
- Severe acute or chronic kidney disease / renal failure
Side effects
- Immune system: hypersensitivity — cross-sensitivity may occur with other sympathomimetics
- Psychiatric: insomnia, nervousness, anxiety, euphoric mood, excitability, hallucinations, irritability, paranoid delusions, restlessness, sleep disorder
- Nervous system: headache, dizziness, cerebrovascular accident, paraesthesia, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS), psychomotor hyperactivity, somnolence, tremor
- Eye: ischaemic optic neuropathy
- Cardiac: dysrhythmias, myocardial infarction / myocardial ischaemia, palpitations, tachycardia
- Vascular: hypertension
- Gastrointestinal: dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, ischaemic colitis
- Skin: angioedema, pruritus, rash, severe skin reactions including acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP)
- Renal and urinary: dysuria, urinary retention (in men in whom prostatic enlargement could have been an important predisposing factor)
Interactions
- MAOIs and/or RIMAs — MAOIs may potentiate the pressor effect of pseudoephedrine; do not use in patients taking MAOIs or within 14 days of stopping treatment (increased risk of hypertensive crisis)
- Moclobemide — risk of hypertensive crisis
- Antihypertensives — may partially reverse the hypotensive action of drugs interfering with sympathetic activity, including bretylium, betanidine, guanethidine, debrisoquine, methyldopa, adrenergic neurone blockers and beta-blockers
- Cardiac glycosides — increased risk of dysrhythmias
- Ergot alkaloids (ergotamine, methysergide) — increased risk of ergotism
- Appetite suppressants and amphetamine-like psychostimulants — risk of hypertension
- Oxytocin — risk of hypertension
- Anticholinergic drugs (such as tricyclic antidepressants) — enhanced anticholinergic effects
- Halogenated anaesthetic agents (chloroform, cyclopropane, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane) — may provoke or worsen ventricular arrhythmias
Monitoring
- Watch for and stop the product on hallucinations, restlessness or sleep disturbances (§4.4)
- Monitor carefully for severe skin reactions — pyrexia, erythema or many small pustules (AGEP), typically within the first 2 days of treatment — and discontinue if they appear
- Discontinue and seek medical advice for sudden abdominal pain, rectal bleeding or other symptoms of ischaemic colitis
- Discontinue for sudden loss of vision or decreased visual acuity such as scotoma (ischaemic optic neuropathy)
- Discontinue and seek immediate medical assistance for sudden severe or thunderclap headache, nausea, vomiting, confusion, seizures and/or visual disturbances (PRES / RCVS)
Clinical monograph
How it works
It is a sympathomimetic that acts mainly on alpha-adrenoceptors to constrict dilated nasal blood vessels, reducing mucosal swelling and congestion.
Prescribing in practice
- It is contraindicated with, or within two weeks of, monoamine oxidase inhibitors because of the risk of a hypertensive crisis.
- Caution is needed in hypertension, ischaemic heart disease, hyperthyroidism and diabetes, and it may cause insomnia and palpitations.
- Combination with other sympathomimetics increases the risk of cardiovascular adverse effects.
Monitoring
No routine laboratory monitoring is required, but review patients with cardiovascular disease for raised blood pressure or palpitations.
Counselling the patient
- Taking it later in the day may disturb sleep, so an earlier dose is preferable.
- Tell us about any heart conditions, high blood pressure, or other medicines you take.
- Use only for short-term relief of congestion.
Evidence & guidelines
Use reflects established practice for nasal decongestion; the MAOI interaction and cardiovascular cautions are detailed in current prescribing references.
Reference: MHRA guidance on cold medicines; Drug verified in RxNorm (NLM); confirm dosing against the manufacturer SPC (eMC). Verify against your local formulary and current prescribing references before prescribing. The structured dose values shown have been reviewed by a clinician. Monograph status: clinician-reviewed (2026-07-04).
Related
Curated clinical cross-links plus same-class fallbacks.
- Adult Upper Airway Obstruction (Stridor) · DAS 2015 unanticipated difficult airway; RCEM
- Epistaxis Management · ENT-UK / NICE
- Acute Otitis Media · NICE NG91 2018
- Tonsillitis and Sore Throat · NICE NG84 2018
- Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo · NICE CG124 / AAO-HNS Guidelines
- Acute Rhinosinusitis · NICE NG79 2017 / EPOS 2020