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Nasal decongestant (sympathomimetic) Pregnancy: §4.6: should not be used during pregnancy or lactation unless the potential benefit of treatment to the mother outweighs the possible risks to the developing foetus or breastfeeding infant. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women; systemic pseudoephedrine up to 50 times the human daily dosage in rats and up to 35 times in rabbits did not produce teratogenic effects. Breastfeeding: pseudoephedrine is excreted in breast milk in small amounts but the effect on breast-fed infants is not known — approximately 0.4 to 0.7% of a single 60 mg maternal dose is excreted in breast milk over 24 hours, and 2.2 to 6.7% of the maximum daily dose (240 mg) may be available to the infant.

Pseudoephedrine

Brand names: Sudafed

Pseudoephedrine is an oral sympathomimetic decongestant used for the relief of nasal and sinus congestion associated with colds, allergic rhinitis and sinusitis.

Adult dose

Dose: Symptomatic relief of nasal/sinus congestion (allergic rhinitis, vasomotor rhinitis, the common cold and influenza): 1 tablet every 4-6 hours — adults and children over 12 years
Route: Oral
Frequency: Every 4-6 hours, up to 4 times a day
Max: 4 tablets in 24 hours (§4.2 'up to 4 times a day'). §4.6 of the same SPC states the maximum daily dose as 240 mg pseudoephedrine.
The bundle re-fetched 2026-09-10 carries a DIFFERENT product after the brand-family fix: 'Sudafed Decongestant Tablets' (eMC product 6199), a single-ingredient pseudoephedrine tablet. §4.1 verbatim: 'Sudafed Decongestant Tablets is a decongestant of the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract, especially the nasal mucosa and sinuses and is indicated for the symptomatic relief of conditions such as allergic rhinitis, vasomotor rhinitis, the common cold and influenza.' That is exactly this page's primary identity — oral nasal decongestant (sympathomimetic), brand Sudafed, ENT / General Medicine — so the dose above is this indication's own dose. §4.2 verbatim: 'Adults and Children over 12 years 1 tablet every 4 - 6 hours up to 4 times a day.' TABLET STRENGTH — READ THIS BEFORE QUOTING A MILLIGRAM FIGURE. §4.2 doses this product in TABLETS and the fetched text never states the tablet strength. The only milligram figures anywhere in the fetched SPC are in §4.6, which says 'approximately 0.4 to 0.7% of a single 60 mg dose of pseudoephedrine ingested by a nursing mother will be excreted in the breast milk over 24 hours' and 'Data from a study of lactating mothers taking 60 mg pseudoephedrine every 6 hours suggests that from 2.2 to 6.7% of the maximum daily dose (240 mg) may be available to the infant from a breastfeeding mother.' The 240 mg maximum daily dose is therefore stated by the SPC itself and is quoted in maxDose above; 60 mg per tablet is CONSISTENT with it (240 mg / 4 doses) but is not written in the fetched text as a per-tablet strength, so the dose field is expressed in tablets rather than milligrams. Do not convert. SPECIAL POPULATIONS (§4.2 verbatim): 'Use in the Elderly There have been no specific studies of Sudafed Decongestant Tablets in the elderly. Experience has indicated that normal adult dosage is appropriate.' 'Hepatic Dysfunction Caution should be exercised when administering Sudafed Decongestant Tablets to patients with severe hepatic impairment.' 'Renal Dysfunction Caution should be exercised when administering Sudafed Decongestant Tablets to patients with moderate renal impairment.' Note §4.3 separately CONTRAINDICATES severe acute or chronic kidney disease/renal failure. Nothing on this page may be used to dose a child of 12 or under; use a children's formulary. US LABEL NOT USED. The openFDA arm is 'Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride' (The Kroger Company, label date 2021-04-13); its complete directions read 'adults and children 12 years and over take 1 tablet every 12 hours do not take more than 2 tablets in 24 hours children under 12 years do not use this product in children under 12 years of age'. That is a US OTC 12-hourly EXTENDED-RELEASE presentation, not the UK immediate-release tablet this page carries, and no figure has been taken from it. STOP RULES FROM §4.4 (these are discontinuation triggers, not routine monitoring): stop if hallucinations, restlessness or sleep disturbances occur; stop for severe skin reactions including acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP), which 'may occur within the first 2 days of treatment'; stop and seek advice for sudden abdominal pain, rectal bleeding or other symptoms of ischaemic colitis; stop for sudden loss of vision or decreased visual acuity such as scotoma (ischaemic optic neuropathy); stop and seek immediate medical assistance for sudden severe or thunderclap headache, nausea, vomiting, confusion, seizures and/or visual disturbances (PRES / RCVS), the risk of which 'is increased in patients with severe or uncontrolled hypertension, or with severe acute or chronic kidney disease/renal failure'. §4.4 also states patients with difficulty in urination and/or enlargement of the prostate, or patients with thyroid disease receiving thyroid hormones, should not take pseudoephedrine unless directed by a physician, and that this product contains lactose.

Dose adjustments

Renal

§4.2: caution in moderate renal impairment. §4.3 contraindicates severe acute or chronic kidney disease / renal failure. No numeric dose reduction is given in the SPC.

Hepatic

§4.2: caution in severe hepatic impairment. No numeric dose reduction is given in the SPC.

Dose independently re-sourced from UK Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) via the eMC; US FDA prescribing information (openFDA / DailyMed) — cross-check; US labelling may differ from UK — clinician-reviewed. Always confirm against the product SmPC and your local formulary before prescribing.

Contraindications

  • Known hypersensitivity to pseudoephedrine or to any of the excipients
  • Concomitant use of other sympathomimetic decongestants
  • Concomitant use of beta-blockers
  • Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), or within 14 days of stopping MAOI treatment — risk of a rise in blood pressure and/or hypertensive crisis
  • Cardiovascular disease including hypertension
  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Phaeochromocytoma
  • Hyperthyroidism
  • Closed angle glaucoma
  • Severe acute or chronic kidney disease / renal failure

Side effects

  • Immune system: hypersensitivity — cross-sensitivity may occur with other sympathomimetics
  • Psychiatric: insomnia, nervousness, anxiety, euphoric mood, excitability, hallucinations, irritability, paranoid delusions, restlessness, sleep disorder
  • Nervous system: headache, dizziness, cerebrovascular accident, paraesthesia, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS), psychomotor hyperactivity, somnolence, tremor
  • Eye: ischaemic optic neuropathy
  • Cardiac: dysrhythmias, myocardial infarction / myocardial ischaemia, palpitations, tachycardia
  • Vascular: hypertension
  • Gastrointestinal: dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, ischaemic colitis
  • Skin: angioedema, pruritus, rash, severe skin reactions including acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP)
  • Renal and urinary: dysuria, urinary retention (in men in whom prostatic enlargement could have been an important predisposing factor)

Interactions

  • MAOIs and/or RIMAs — MAOIs may potentiate the pressor effect of pseudoephedrine; do not use in patients taking MAOIs or within 14 days of stopping treatment (increased risk of hypertensive crisis)
  • Moclobemide — risk of hypertensive crisis
  • Antihypertensives — may partially reverse the hypotensive action of drugs interfering with sympathetic activity, including bretylium, betanidine, guanethidine, debrisoquine, methyldopa, adrenergic neurone blockers and beta-blockers
  • Cardiac glycosides — increased risk of dysrhythmias
  • Ergot alkaloids (ergotamine, methysergide) — increased risk of ergotism
  • Appetite suppressants and amphetamine-like psychostimulants — risk of hypertension
  • Oxytocin — risk of hypertension
  • Anticholinergic drugs (such as tricyclic antidepressants) — enhanced anticholinergic effects
  • Halogenated anaesthetic agents (chloroform, cyclopropane, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane) — may provoke or worsen ventricular arrhythmias

Monitoring

  • Watch for and stop the product on hallucinations, restlessness or sleep disturbances (§4.4)
  • Monitor carefully for severe skin reactions — pyrexia, erythema or many small pustules (AGEP), typically within the first 2 days of treatment — and discontinue if they appear
  • Discontinue and seek medical advice for sudden abdominal pain, rectal bleeding or other symptoms of ischaemic colitis
  • Discontinue for sudden loss of vision or decreased visual acuity such as scotoma (ischaemic optic neuropathy)
  • Discontinue and seek immediate medical assistance for sudden severe or thunderclap headache, nausea, vomiting, confusion, seizures and/or visual disturbances (PRES / RCVS)

Clinical monograph

How it works

It is a sympathomimetic that acts mainly on alpha-adrenoceptors to constrict dilated nasal blood vessels, reducing mucosal swelling and congestion.

Prescribing in practice

  • It is contraindicated with, or within two weeks of, monoamine oxidase inhibitors because of the risk of a hypertensive crisis.
  • Caution is needed in hypertension, ischaemic heart disease, hyperthyroidism and diabetes, and it may cause insomnia and palpitations.
  • Combination with other sympathomimetics increases the risk of cardiovascular adverse effects.

Monitoring

No routine laboratory monitoring is required, but review patients with cardiovascular disease for raised blood pressure or palpitations.

Counselling the patient

  • Taking it later in the day may disturb sleep, so an earlier dose is preferable.
  • Tell us about any heart conditions, high blood pressure, or other medicines you take.
  • Use only for short-term relief of congestion.

Evidence & guidelines

Use reflects established practice for nasal decongestion; the MAOI interaction and cardiovascular cautions are detailed in current prescribing references.

Reference: MHRA guidance on cold medicines; Drug verified in RxNorm (NLM); confirm dosing against the manufacturer SPC (eMC). Verify against your local formulary and current prescribing references before prescribing. The structured dose values shown have been reviewed by a clinician. Monograph status: clinician-reviewed (2026-07-04).

Related

Curated clinical cross-links plus same-class fallbacks.