Famotidine
Brand names: Pepcid, Antodine
Famotidine is a histamine H2-receptor antagonist used for acid-related dyspepsia, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and peptic ulcer disease. It is generally less potent at suppressing acid than a proton pump inhibitor.
Adult dose
Dose adjustments
Famotidine is mainly excreted by the kidneys. If creatinine clearance is below 30 ml/min (serum creatinine above 3.0 mg/100 ml), reduce the daily dose to 50%. For patients on dialysis, also reduce the daily dose to 50% and give the tablet at the end of or after dialysis, since part of the active substance is removed by dialysis.
Dose auto-extracted from UK Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) via the eMC; US FDA prescribing information (openFDA / DailyMed) — cross-check; US labelling may differ from UK — not yet clinician-verified. Always confirm against the product SmPC and your local formulary before prescribing.
US labelling (FDA)
Reference — US labelling, may differ from UKIndication Recommended Dosage ( 2.1 ) Adult and Pediatric Patients 40 kg and greater Active DU 40 mg once daily; or 20 mg twice daily Active Gastric Ulcer 40 mg once daily GERD 20 mg twice daily Erosive Esophagitis 20 mg twice daily; or 40 mg twice daily Adults Pathological Hypersecretory Conditions 20 mg every 6 hours; adjust to patient needs; maximum 160 mg every 6 hours Risk Reduction of DU Recurrence 20 mg once daily • See full prescribing information for complete dosing information, including dosing in renal impairment, and recommended treatment duration. ( 2.1 , 2.2 ) Administration ( 2.3 ): • Take once daily before bedtime or twice daily in the morning and before bedtime with or …
Source: US FDA prescribing information (openFDA / DailyMed), label dated 2025-10-22. Accessed 2026-06-12. US dosing and indications can differ from UK practice — use UK sources for prescribing decisions.
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients
- History of hypersensitivity to other H2-receptor antagonists
Side effects
- Headache, dizziness (common)
- Constipation, diarrhoea (common)
- Dry mouth, nausea and/or vomiting, abdominal discomfort or distension, flatulence (uncommon)
- Rash, pruritus, urticaria (uncommon); fatigue
- Liver enzyme abnormalities, hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice (rare)
- Rare/very rare: reversible psychic disturbances (confusion, hallucinations, depression), convulsions/grand mal seizures particularly in renal impairment, blood dyscrasias including agranulocytosis, hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylaxis and angioneurotic oedema, Stevens-Johnson syndrome/TEN
Interactions
- No drug interactions of clinical importance identified; famotidine does not interact with the cytochrome P450 drug-metabolising system
- Ketoconazole and itraconazole: absorption may be reduced - give ketoconazole 2 hours before famotidine
- Posaconazole oral suspension: avoid concomitant use if possible (reduced posaconazole absorption)
- Antacids: may decrease famotidine absorption - take famotidine 1-2 hours before an antacid
- Probenecid: may delay famotidine elimination - avoid concomitant use
- Sucralfate: avoid within two hours of the famotidine dose
Clinical monograph
How it works
It competitively blocks histamine H2-receptors on gastric parietal cells, reducing basal and stimulated gastric acid secretion.
Prescribing in practice
- Reduce the dose in renal impairment, as famotidine is largely renally cleared and can accumulate, with central nervous system effects such as confusion seen particularly in older or renally impaired patients.
- It is generally well tolerated and, unlike older H2 antagonists, has few clinically important cytochrome P450 interactions.
- As with proton pump inhibitors, acid suppression can mask the symptoms of gastric cancer, so investigate alarm features before long-term treatment.
Monitoring
No routine monitoring is required for most patients; review renal function where impairment is suspected and reassess the continued need for treatment periodically.
Counselling the patient
- Tell your doctor if you have kidney problems, as the dose may need to be lowered.
- Report new difficulty swallowing, weight loss or black stools, which need investigation.
Evidence & guidelines
Established therapy for acid-related disorders (NICE CG184).
Reference: NICE CG17 GORD; SPC Pepcid; Drug verified in RxNorm (NLM); confirm dosing against the manufacturer SPC (eMC). Verify against your local formulary and current prescribing references before prescribing. The structured dose values shown have been reviewed by a clinician. Monograph status: clinician-reviewed (2026-07-04).
Related
Curated clinical cross-links plus same-class fallbacks.
- Lower Gastrointestinal Bleed · BSG 2019; NICE NG141
- Variceal Upper GI Bleed · BSG 2015; Baveno VII (2022)
- Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP) · BSG / EASL 2018
- Hepatorenal Syndrome · EASL 2018; ICA 2015
- Hepatic Encephalopathy · EASL 2014; West Haven criteria
- Clostridioides difficile Colitis · NICE NG199 (2021); IDSA/SHEA 2021