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H₂-Receptor Antagonist Pregnancy: Not recommended for use in pregnancy; prescribe only if clearly needed after weighing potential benefit against possible risk. Breast-feeding: famotidine is detectable in human milk - nursing mothers should either stop the drug or stop nursing.

Famotidine

Brand names: Pepcid, Antodine

Famotidine is a histamine H2-receptor antagonist used for acid-related dyspepsia, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and peptic ulcer disease. It is generally less potent at suppressing acid than a proton pump inhibitor.

Auto-extracted from the source labelling — not yet independently clinician-verified. These values were distilled from the UK SPC (or the US label where noted) but have not had a clinician sign-off. Confirm against the current SmPC before prescribing.

Adult dose

Dose: 40 mg
Route: Oral
Frequency: Once daily before going to bed (duodenal ulcer and benign gastric ulcer)
Max: Zollinger-Ellison syndrome: no experience with long-term use above 800 mg famotidine per day
SPC §4.2 (adults and the elderly): duodenal ulcers and benign gastric ulcers 40 mg once before going to bed, treatment for 4-8 weeks (continue a further 4 weeks if not endoscopically healed at 4 weeks). Prophylaxis of recurrent duodenal ulcer: 20 mg in the evening (maintenance shown effective over 12 months). Symptomatic mild reflux oesophagitis: 20 mg twice daily, generally for 6 weeks, if necessary 12 weeks. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome: if not previously on acid-inhibiting treatment, start 20 mg every 6 hours, then adjust to acid secretion and clinical response (e.g. <10 mEq/h in the hour before the next dose); if 800 mg/day does not sufficiently inhibit acid secretion, consider alternative therapy as there is no experience above 800 mg/day. Patients switching from another H2-receptor antagonist may start at a higher initial dose. Swallow tablets whole with liquid; may be taken independently of meals. Determine H. pylori status in duodenal and benign gastric ulcer and eradicate where possible. Paediatric population: safety and efficacy of the 20 mg film-coated tablets in children have not been established, so children should not be treated with this product - no weight-based dose is given; verify against a children's formulary.

Dose adjustments

Renal

Famotidine is mainly excreted by the kidneys. If creatinine clearance is below 30 ml/min (serum creatinine above 3.0 mg/100 ml), reduce the daily dose to 50%. For patients on dialysis, also reduce the daily dose to 50% and give the tablet at the end of or after dialysis, since part of the active substance is removed by dialysis.

Dose auto-extracted from UK Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) via the eMC; US FDA prescribing information (openFDA / DailyMed) — cross-check; US labelling may differ from UK — not yet clinician-verified. Always confirm against the product SmPC and your local formulary before prescribing.

US labelling (FDA)

Reference — US labelling, may differ from UK

Indication Recommended Dosage ( 2.1 ) Adult and Pediatric Patients 40 kg and greater Active DU 40 mg once daily; or 20 mg twice daily Active Gastric Ulcer 40 mg once daily GERD 20 mg twice daily Erosive Esophagitis 20 mg twice daily; or 40 mg twice daily Adults Pathological Hypersecretory Conditions 20 mg every 6 hours; adjust to patient needs; maximum 160 mg every 6 hours Risk Reduction of DU Recurrence 20 mg once daily • See full prescribing information for complete dosing information, including dosing in renal impairment, and recommended treatment duration. ( 2.1 , 2.2 ) Administration ( 2.3 ): • Take once daily before bedtime or twice daily in the morning and before bedtime with or …

Source: US FDA prescribing information (openFDA / DailyMed), label dated 2025-10-22. Accessed 2026-06-12. US dosing and indications can differ from UK practice — use UK sources for prescribing decisions.

Contraindications

  • Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients
  • History of hypersensitivity to other H2-receptor antagonists

Side effects

  • Headache, dizziness (common)
  • Constipation, diarrhoea (common)
  • Dry mouth, nausea and/or vomiting, abdominal discomfort or distension, flatulence (uncommon)
  • Rash, pruritus, urticaria (uncommon); fatigue
  • Liver enzyme abnormalities, hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice (rare)
  • Rare/very rare: reversible psychic disturbances (confusion, hallucinations, depression), convulsions/grand mal seizures particularly in renal impairment, blood dyscrasias including agranulocytosis, hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylaxis and angioneurotic oedema, Stevens-Johnson syndrome/TEN

Interactions

  • No drug interactions of clinical importance identified; famotidine does not interact with the cytochrome P450 drug-metabolising system
  • Ketoconazole and itraconazole: absorption may be reduced - give ketoconazole 2 hours before famotidine
  • Posaconazole oral suspension: avoid concomitant use if possible (reduced posaconazole absorption)
  • Antacids: may decrease famotidine absorption - take famotidine 1-2 hours before an antacid
  • Probenecid: may delay famotidine elimination - avoid concomitant use
  • Sucralfate: avoid within two hours of the famotidine dose

Clinical monograph

How it works

It competitively blocks histamine H2-receptors on gastric parietal cells, reducing basal and stimulated gastric acid secretion.

Prescribing in practice

  • Reduce the dose in renal impairment, as famotidine is largely renally cleared and can accumulate, with central nervous system effects such as confusion seen particularly in older or renally impaired patients.
  • It is generally well tolerated and, unlike older H2 antagonists, has few clinically important cytochrome P450 interactions.
  • As with proton pump inhibitors, acid suppression can mask the symptoms of gastric cancer, so investigate alarm features before long-term treatment.

Monitoring

No routine monitoring is required for most patients; review renal function where impairment is suspected and reassess the continued need for treatment periodically.

Counselling the patient

  • Tell your doctor if you have kidney problems, as the dose may need to be lowered.
  • Report new difficulty swallowing, weight loss or black stools, which need investigation.

Evidence & guidelines

Established therapy for acid-related disorders (NICE CG184).

Reference: NICE CG17 GORD; SPC Pepcid; Drug verified in RxNorm (NLM); confirm dosing against the manufacturer SPC (eMC). Verify against your local formulary and current prescribing references before prescribing. The structured dose values shown have been reviewed by a clinician. Monograph status: clinician-reviewed (2026-07-04).

Related

Curated clinical cross-links plus same-class fallbacks.