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Inactivated rabies vaccine Pregnancy: §4.6 (Rabipur): 'No cases of harm attributable to use of Rabipur during pregnancy have been observed. Rabipur may be administered to pregnant women when post-exposure prophylaxis is required. The vaccine may also be used for pre-exposure prophylaxis during pregnancy if it is considered that the potential benefit outweighs any possible risk to the fetus.' Breastfeeding: 'While it is not known whether Rabipur enters breast milk, no risk to the breast-feeding infant has been identified. Rabipur may be administered to breastfeeding women when post-exposure prophylaxis is required,' and may also be used for pre-exposure prophylaxis in breastfeeding women if the potential benefit outweighs any possible risk to the infant. Fertility: non-clinical reproductive and developmental toxicity studies have not been performed.

Rabies vaccine

Brand names: Rabipur, Verorab

Rabies vaccine is an inactivated viral vaccine used for pre-exposure immunisation of people at risk and as the cornerstone of post-exposure prophylaxis after potential rabies exposure.

Adult dose

Dose: Active immunisation against rabies — figures below are from the RABIPUR SPC only (see scope note; the bundle holds no source for Verorab). Every dose, for both primary immunisation and boosters, is 1.0 mL. PRE-EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS (PrEP) — primary course of 3 doses: conventional regimen day 0, day 7 and day 21 (or 28); rapid regimen day 0, day 3 and day 7, which should only be considered for adults aged 18–65 years not able to complete the conventional course within 21 or 28 days before protection is required. Alternatively, in immunocompetent individuals, a one-week regimen of 2 doses at day 0 and day 7 can be used. Booster doses are generally recommended every 2–5 years. POST-EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS (PEP) — begin as soon as possible after exposure. Previously unvaccinated individuals, three licensed regimens: Essen (5 doses) days 0, 3, 7, 14 and 28; Zagreb (4 doses) two doses on day 0 (one injection into each of the two deltoid or thigh sites), then day 7 and day 21; reduced Essen (4 doses) days 0, 3, 7 and 14, which may be used as an alternative for healthy, immunocompetent individuals provided they receive wound care plus rabies immunoglobulin in category III as well as category II exposures. Previously vaccinated individuals: 2 doses, on days 0 and 3 — rabies immunoglobulin is not indicated in such cases. Immunocompromised individuals with category II or III exposure: 5 doses (days 0, 3, 7, 14 and 28), in combination with comprehensive wound management and local infiltration of rabies immunoglobulin; an alternative gives two doses on day 0 plus days 3, 7, 14 and 28 (6 doses in total).
Route: Intramuscular injection only. For adults and children ≥ 2 years of age, into the deltoid muscle; for children < 2 years, the anterolateral area of the thigh is recommended. §4.4: rabies vaccine must NOT be given by intra-gluteal injection or subcutaneously, as the induction of an adequate immune response may be less reliable, and must not be injected intravascularly — unintentional intravascular injection may result in systemic reactions, including shock.
Frequency: Determined by the regimen selected (see dose). Every dose is 1.0 mL, whatever the schedule or the patient's age.
SCOPE — READ FIRST. This page is a vaccine-group page whose brand list names TWO products, Rabipur and Verorab. The bundle contains a UK SPC for RABIPUR only (eMC product 100651); there is no eMC entry and no openFDA entry for Verorab. Every figure above is therefore Rabipur's, and the dose text says so. A per-dose volume and the reconstituted presentation are product-specific properties of a rabies vaccine, not class properties, so 1.0 mL must not be assumed to govern any other manufacturer's product — a clinician using a different rabies vaccine must read that product's own SPC. Regimen eligibility is likewise set per product and by national policy: §4.2 itself defers to official recommendations ('Rabipur should be used in accordance with official recommendations'; 'Serological testing ... should be conducted in accordance with official recommendations'), and post-exposure regimen choice in the UK is governed by the current national rabies post-exposure prophylaxis policy according to exposure category and the patient's immunisation and immune status. EXPOSURE CATEGORIES (§4.2, Table 2): category I (touching or feeding animals, licks on intact skin, contact of intact skin with secretions) — none required if a reliable case history is available; category II (nibbling of uncovered skin, minor scratches or abrasions without bleeding) — administer vaccine immediately; category III (single or multiple transdermal bites or scratches, licks on broken skin, contamination of mucous membrane with saliva, exposure to bats) — administer rabies vaccine immediately AND rabies immunoglobulin, preferably as soon as possible after initiation of PEP, and immunoglobulin can be injected up to 7 days after the first vaccine dose. Treatment may be stopped if the animal remains healthy throughout a 10-day observation period (dogs and cats only) or is proven negative by a reliable laboratory. Exposure to rodents, rabbits or hares does not routinely require rabies PEP. Bites to the head, neck, face, hands and genitals are category III because of the rich innervation of these areas. NO MAXIMUM DOSE IS PUBLISHED because §4.2 prints none — a rabies vaccine dose is a fixed per-dose volume given to a schedule, and no ceiling figure appears anywhere in the posology; none has been derived. IMMUNOSUPPRESSION (§4.2): immunosuppressive agents should not be administered during post-exposure therapy unless essential for the treatment of other conditions. §4.8 is truncated at the source-fetch limit (after the adverse-reaction table, within the reporting-of-suspected-reactions text), so the side-effect array below is near-complete but should be confirmed against the full SPC.

Paediatric dose

Route: Intramuscular
Frequency: The same schedules as adults (see adult dose). For children < 2 years the injection site changes, not the dose.
NOT A WEIGHT-BASED DOSE — dosePerKg is deliberately null. §4.2 states: 'Paediatric individuals should receive the same dose as adults (1.0 ml).' A rabies vaccine dose is a fixed per-dose volume, not a mg/kg figure, and no per-kilogram value exists in the label or has been derived. SITE: 'For adults and children ≥ 2 years of age, the vaccine should be administered into the deltoid muscle. For children < 2 years, the anterolateral area of the thigh is recommended.' In the two-site day-0 schedules, small children should receive one dose into the anterolateral region of each thigh. §4.1 licenses Rabipur for 'individuals of all ages', so no paediatric age floor is stated. §4.8: 'Frequency, type and severity of adverse reactions in children are expected to be the same as in adults.' Scope: Rabipur only, as for the adult dose.

Dose independently re-sourced from UK Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) via the eMC — clinician-reviewed. Always confirm against the product SmPC and your local formulary before prescribing.

Contraindications

  • Pre-exposure prophylaxis (§4.3): history of a severe hypersensitivity reaction to the active substance, to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1, or to any of the residues listed in section 2.
  • Pre-exposure prophylaxis (§4.3): vaccination should be postponed in individuals with a severe febrile illness.
  • Post-exposure prophylaxis (§4.3, verbatim): 'In view of the almost invariably fatal outcome of rabies, there is no contraindication to post-exposure prophylaxis.' The balance of contraindications therefore differs entirely between PrEP and PEP — do not carry a PrEP contraindication across to a PEP decision.
  • §4.4: in case of acute diseases requiring treatment, patients should not be vaccinated until at least 2 weeks after recovery; the presence of a minor infection should not result in deferral of vaccination.
  • §4.4: Rabipur contains the excipient polygeline, residues of chicken proteins (e.g. ovalbumin), human serum albumin, and may contain traces of antibiotics. Where an individual has developed clinical symptoms of anaphylaxis following exposure to any of these substances, vaccination should only be administered by personnel with the capability and facilities to manage anaphylaxis.
  • ⚠️ These entries are for Rabipur only and are not established for any other rabies vaccine named on this page.

Side effects

  • Very common: injection site reactions (injection site pain reported in 30–85% and injection site induration in 15–35% of clinical trial subjects; most were not severe and resolved within 24 to 48 hours), rash, headache, dizziness, malaise, fatigue, asthenia, fever.
  • Common: urticaria, lymphadenopathy, decreased appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain/discomfort, myalgia, arthralgia.
  • Rare: hypersensitivity, paraesthesia, hyperhidrosis (sweating), chills.
  • Very rare: anaphylaxis including anaphylactic shock; encephalitis; Guillain-Barré syndrome; presyncope; syncope; vertigo; angioedema.
  • §4.8 summary: 'Anaphylactic reactions including anaphylactic shock that are very rare but clinically severe, and potentially lethal, systemic allergic reactions, can occur following Rabipur vaccination.' Mild allergic reactions including rashes (very common) and urticaria (common) are usually mild and typically resolve within a few days.
  • §4.4: encephalitis and Guillain-Barré syndrome have been temporally associated with the use of Rabipur — a patient's risk of developing rabies must be carefully considered before deciding to discontinue immunisation.
  • §4.4: anxiety-related reactions, including vasovagal reactions (syncope), hyperventilation or stress-related reactions, may occur in association with vaccination as a psychogenic response to the injection.
  • Paediatric population (§4.8): frequency, type and severity of adverse reactions in children are expected to be the same as in adults.
  • These entries are for Rabipur only.
  • This side-effect list may be incomplete — check the full SPC.

Monitoring

  • §4.4: 'A protective immune response may not be elicited in all vaccinees.'
  • §4.2: 'Serological testing for the presence of antibody ≥ 0.5 IU/ml to assess the need for booster doses should be conducted in accordance with official recommendations.'
  • §4.2, immunocompromised individuals: 'When feasible, the rabies virus neutralising antibody response should be measured 2 to 4 weeks (preferably on day 14) following the start of vaccination to assess the possible need for an additional dose of the vaccine.'
  • §4.2, immunocompromised individuals receiving a rapid or one-week pre-exposure schedule: serological testing at 2–4 weeks after the first rabies vaccine administration is required to assess whether an additional vaccine administration is needed; consultation with an infectious disease specialist or an immunologist is advised.
  • §4.2: 'Timing for booster after vaccination with rapid regimen has not yet been established.'
  • §4.2: immunosuppressive agents should not be administered during post-exposure therapy unless essential for the treatment of other conditions.
  • §4.4: as with all injectable vaccines, appropriate medical treatment and supervision should always be readily available in case of a rare anaphylactic event following administration.
  • §4.4: concomitant vaccines should always be administered at separate injection sites and preferably contralateral limbs.
  • ⚠️ §4.4 was retrieved complete but §4.8 is truncated; all entries here are for Rabipur only.

Clinical monograph

How it works

It presents inactivated rabies virus antigen to the immune system, stimulating production of neutralising antibodies that provide active, durable protection against rabies infection.

Prescribing in practice

  • After a significant exposure, prompt wound cleansing and a full vaccine course are essential, with rabies immunoglobulin added for unimmunised individuals, as rabies is almost invariably fatal once symptomatic.
  • The number of doses and schedule differ between pre-exposure courses and post-exposure regimens and depend on prior immunisation and immune status per current guidance.
  • It is administered by intramuscular injection and, for post-exposure prophylaxis, should never be withheld on account of pregnancy or breast-feeding.

Monitoring

Routine monitoring is not required, though antibody titre checks are used for certain occupationally exposed or immunosuppressed individuals.

Counselling the patient

  • Complete every dose of the course on the dates given, as missing doses reduces protection.
  • After any animal bite or scratch abroad, wash the wound thoroughly and seek medical advice at once.
  • Tell the clinician if your immune system is weakened, as extra doses or antibody checks may be needed.

Evidence & guidelines

Rabies pre- and post-exposure vaccination schedules are set out in UK Health Security Agency (Green Book) and WHO guidance.

Reference: UKHSA Green Book Ch.27; Confirm identity and dosing against the manufacturer SPC (eMC) and NICE. Verify against your local formulary and current prescribing references before prescribing. The structured dose values shown have been reviewed by a clinician. Monograph status: clinician-reviewed (2026-07-04).

Related

Curated clinical cross-links plus same-class fallbacks.