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Plain-language information for patients

What is a PSA test?

PSA (prostate-specific antigen) is a protein made by the prostate gland. A blood test measures it, and a raised level can be a sign of a prostate problem — but it is not a cancer test on its own.

What a raised PSA means

PSA can rise for several reasons: an enlarged prostate (very common with age), a urine infection or prostatitis, recent ejaculation or vigorous exercise, as well as prostate cancer. So a high PSA needs interpretation, not alarm.

Because of this, a raised result usually leads to further assessment — repeating the test, an examination, and often an MRI scan and specialist review — rather than an immediate diagnosis.

Why testing is a personal decision

PSA testing can find cancers early, but it can also find slow-growing cancers that would never have caused harm, leading to anxiety and further tests. For this reason, whether to have a PSA test is a personal decision to discuss with your doctor, weighing the benefits and downsides.

Common questions

Does a normal PSA rule out prostate cancer?

No — some prostate cancers occur with a normal PSA, and many raised PSAs are not cancer. That is why it is interpreted alongside examination, scans and specialist assessment.

Related tools

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This page is general information, not personal medical advice, and does not replace a consultation with a qualified health professional. If you are worried about your health, please speak to your GP, pharmacist, or another clinician. Last reviewed 2026-06-08.