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ToxicologyEmergencyCardiology

Sympathomimetic / cocaine / MDMA toxicity

Hypertension, tachyarrhythmia, hyperthermia and end-organ injury from cocaine, amphetamines and MDMA — benzodiazepines first.

Source: TOXBASE/NPIS; AACT/EAPCCT; AHA scientific statement on cocaine cardiotoxicity

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action

Recognise the toxidrome

Sympathomimetic toxidrome: agitation, mydriasis, tachycardia, hypertension, sweating (vs anticholinergic — dry), hyperthermia, hyperreflexia. Cocaine-specific: vasospasm (ACS, stroke, mesenteric ischaemia), QRS prolongation (Na⁺ blockade), aortic dissection, rhabdomyolysis. MDMA-specific: severe hyponatraemia (water intoxication + SIADH), hyperthermia, serotonin syndrome overlap, hepatotoxicity, DIC. Amphetamine/methamphetamine: hypertensive emergency, ICH, prolonged psychosis. ABCDE; continuous monitoring; bloods: VBG, U&E, glucose, CK, troponin, sodium (MDMA), LFTs, INR, paracetamol, ECG; CT head if focal neurology/severe headache.

Related

Curated clinical cross-links plus same-class fallbacks.

Decision support only. Always apply local guidelines and clinical judgement.