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Endocrinology Emergency Medicine Strong — Endocrine Society 2016 / NICE NG247

Adrenal Insufficiency Assessment

Clinical and biochemical assessment for primary (Addison's disease) and secondary adrenal insufficiency, including adrenal crisis risk.

Fatigue, weight loss, nausea, anorexia, myalgia, postural dizziness

Suggests primary adrenal failure (mineralocorticoid deficiency)

Buccal mucosa, palmar creases, scars — suggests primary (autoimmune) adrenal failure

Severe hypotension, vomiting, abdominal pain, confusion — unresponsive to fluids

Score interpretation

Low Suspicion 0–1

Low clinical suspicion for adrenal insufficiency. Cortisol normal if measured.

→ Cortisol > 450 nmol/L at 9am excludes adrenal insufficiency in most clinical contexts. Consider alternative diagnoses for symptoms.

Investigate — Short Synacthen Test 2–5

Possible adrenal insufficiency. Short Synacthen Test (SST) required.

→ Short Synacthen Test: 250 mcg tetracosactide IM/IV, cortisol at 0 and 30 min. Normal response: cortisol ≥ 500 nmol/L at 30 min. If abnormal: refer endocrinology. Check ACTH (elevated = primary; low = secondary). DHEAS, aldosterone, renin if primary suspected. 21-hydroxylase antibodies (autoimmune Addison's). CT adrenals if primary.

Adrenal Crisis — Emergency Treatment 6–99

Adrenal crisis suspected. Life-threatening without immediate treatment.

→ IMMEDIATE IV hydrocortisone 100mg bolus (NO need to wait for cortisol results). IV fluid resuscitation: 1L 0.9% NaCl stat (may need glucose if hypoglycaemia). Treat precipitant (infection is most common cause — broad-spectrum IV antibiotics). Continue hydrocortisone 50–100mg IV/IM 6-hourly. Monitor U&E, glucose. Once stable: switch to oral hydrocortisone 10mg/5mg/5mg taper. Sick-day rules education. MedicAlert bracelet. Emergency hydrocortisone injection kit for self-administration.

Interpretation bands for the Adrenal Insufficiency. Apply clinical judgement and local guidance.

References

Related

Curated clinical cross-links plus same-class fallbacks.

Decision support only — verify against a current formulary, NICE, or your local guideline before clinical use.