General Medicine Geriatrics A

Confusion Assessment Method (CAM)

Standardised diagnostic algorithm for delirium detection. Requires features 1+2 PLUS either 3 or 4 for positive diagnosis.

Score interpretation

CAM Negative 0

The CAM algorithm is not met (features 1 and 2, plus 3 or 4, are all needed).

→ Delirium not shown by the CAM; reassess if the picture changes — consider alternative diagnoses if concerned.

CAM Positive — Delirium Present 1

Features 1 + 2 plus feature 3 or 4. Sensitivity 94–100%, specificity 90–95% (Inouye 1990).

→ Identify and treat the underlying cause; review drugs (avoid anticholinergics); implement the delirium bundle.

Interpretation bands for the CAM. Apply clinical judgement and local guidance.

Inouye SK et al. Clarifying confusion: the confusion assessment method. Ann Intern Med. 1990;113(12):941-948.
Wei LA et al. The Confusion Assessment Method: a systematic review of current usage. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008;56(5):823-830.

Curated clinical cross-links plus same-class fallbacks.

Calculators

Drugs

Pathways

Decision support only — verify against a current formulary, NICE, or your local guideline before clinical use.