geriatrics

Berg Balance Scale (BBS)

14-item functional balance assessment tool for elderly and patients with balance disorders. Each item scored 0–4. Total 0–56. Score <45 = increased fall risk. Widely used in clinical and rehabilitation settings.

Used in: Falls & Frailty

Sitting unsupported (without back support, feet on floor)*

Standing unsupported*

Sitting to standing*

Standing to sitting*

Transfers (chair to chair)*

Standing unsupported with eyes closed*

Standing with feet together*

Reaching forward with outstretched arm (functional reach)*

Pick up object from floor*

Turning to look behind over left and right shoulders*

Turning 360 degrees*

Placing alternate foot on step or stool while standing unsupported*

Standing unsupported one foot in front*

Standing on one leg*

Score interpretation

Low Fall Risk 41–56

BBS 41–56 — low fall risk; independent balance

→ Continue balance maintenance exercises; fall prevention education; reassess in 3–6 months or after any significant health event

Medium Fall Risk 21–40

BBS 21–40 — medium fall risk; mobility aid may be beneficial

→ Physiotherapy referral; progressive balance training; consider walking aid; home hazard assessment; medication review for fall-contributing drugs (sedatives, antihypertensives, antipsychotics); reassess monthly

High Fall Risk 0–20

BBS 0–20 — high fall risk; likely needs mobility aid or wheelchair

→ Urgent physiotherapy + occupational therapy; walking aid assessment; home adaptation; falls clinic referral; medication rationalisation; DEXA for osteoporosis; consider care needs assessment; supervised exercise programme

Interpretation bands for the Berg Balance Scale. Apply clinical judgement and local guidance.

References

Berg K et al. Measuring balance in the elderly: validation of an instrument. Can J Public Health. 1992;83(Suppl 2):S7–11.

Curated clinical cross-links plus same-class fallbacks.

Calculators

Elderly Mobility Scale (EMS) · Rehabilitation

Drugs

Pathways

Decision support only — verify against a current formulary, NICE, or your local guideline before clinical use.

Score interpretation

References

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