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Inotrope (Beta-1 Agonist) Pregnancy: Use with caution — limited data; use in life-threatening cardiogenic shock

Dobutamine (ICU — Inotrope)

Brand names: Dobutrex

Adult dose

Dose: 2.5–20 mcg/kg/min IV infusion
Route: IV infusion
Frequency: Continuous
Max: 40 mcg/kg/min (rarely used)
First-line inotrope for cardiogenic shock with low cardiac output. Predominantly beta-1 agonist — increases contractility and HR. Some beta-2 (mild vasodilation). Do NOT use in hypovolaemia without volume resuscitation first. Central line preferred but can be given peripherally for short periods.

Paediatric dose

Dose: 2–20 mcg/min/kg
Route: IV infusion
Frequency: Continuous
Max: 40 mcg/kg/min
Paediatric cardiogenic shock: 2–20 mcg/kg/min titrated to cardiac output under specialist guidance.

Dose adjustments

Renal

No dose adjustment — titrate to haemodynamic response.

Hepatic

No dose adjustment required.

Paediatric weight-based calculator

Paediatric cardiogenic shock: 2–20 mcg/kg/min titrated to cardiac output under specialist guidance.

Clinical pearls

  • Surviving Sepsis 2021: dobutamine added if cardiac dysfunction/low CO persists despite adequate filling and vasopressors — not recommended routinely
  • Tolerance develops after 72 hours — consider milrinone or levosimendan for prolonged inotropic support
  • Unlike adrenaline, dobutamine does NOT cause significant vasoconstriction — useful when MAP is adequate but CO is low

Contraindications

  • HOCM (hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy — outflow tract obstruction worsened)
  • Uncorrected hypovolaemia

Side effects

  • Tachyarrhythmias (AF, VT)
  • Hypotension (beta-2 vasodilation)
  • Tachycardia
  • Angina/increased myocardial oxygen demand
  • Tolerance with prolonged use (>72 hours)

Interactions

  • Beta-blockers (antagonise inotropic effect)
  • MAOIs (potentiate)
  • Volatile anaesthetics (sensitise myocardium to arrhythmias)

Monitoring

  • Cardiac output monitoring (PA catheter, PICCO, echocardiography)
  • ECG (arrhythmia)
  • BP, HR
  • Lactate clearance

Reference: BNFc; BNF 90; Surviving Sepsis Campaign 2021; ESC Guidelines on Acute Heart Failure 2021. Verify against your local formulary and the latest BNF before prescribing.

Related

Curated clinical cross-links plus same-class fallbacks.