Glucagon

How it works

It is a hormone that mobilises hepatic glycogen, raising blood glucose; it is therefore ineffective when glycogen stores are depleted.

Prescribing in practice

• It is ineffective when hepatic glycogen is depleted, such as in starvation, significant liver disease or chronic alcohol use.
• Give oral carbohydrate once the person has recovered enough to swallow safely, to restore glycogen and prevent recurrence.
• It can be given by carers; seek emergency help if there is no response.

Monitoring

Monitor blood glucose and conscious level after administration, and observe for recurrence of hypoglycaemia.

Counselling the patient

• Carers should know how and when to use it, and how to call for emergency help.
• Once you are awake and able to swallow, take a longer-acting carbohydrate snack.
• Nausea and vomiting can occur after a dose.

Evidence & guidelines

Established emergency treatment for severe hypoglycaemia per the SPC and UK guidance.