Interferon beta

How it works

It modulates immune activity by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine production, limiting T-cell activation and trafficking across the blood-brain barrier, thereby reducing central nervous system inflammation.

Prescribing in practice

• Hepatic injury can occur, so check liver function before and during treatment and review if transaminases rise or jaundice develops.
• Flu-like symptoms are common at initiation and can be mitigated with gradual dose escalation and supportive measures.
• Use with caution in those with depression and a history of seizures, monitoring mental state during treatment.

Monitoring

Monitor full blood count, liver function and thyroid function periodically during therapy.

Counselling the patient

• Rotate injection sites and report persistent redness, pain or skin breakdown.
• Flu-like symptoms often ease after the first weeks of treatment.
• Seek advice if you notice low mood, yellowing of the skin or unusual bruising.

Evidence & guidelines

Interferon beta is an established first-line disease-modifying therapy for relapsing multiple sclerosis, reducing relapse rate and MRI lesion activity.