Neratinib (Specialist drug)
Brand names: Nerlynx
Neratinib is a specialist oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor used as extended adjuvant therapy in HER2-positive early breast cancer following trastuzumab-based treatment.
Adult dose
Dose auto-extracted from US FDA prescribing information (openFDA / DailyMed) — cross-check; US labelling may differ from UK — not yet clinician-verified. Always confirm against the product SmPC and your local formulary before prescribing.
Contraindications
- None — the US label's CONTRAINDICATIONS section (section 4) states 'None.' UK SPC section 4.3 was not fetched and should be checked separately.
Side effects
- Diarrhoea — severe diarrhoea and sequelae such as dehydration, hypotension and renal failure occurred; reported in 95% of neratinib-treated patients in the ExteNET trial who were not required to receive antidiarrhoeal prophylaxis, with Grade 3 diarrhoea in 40%
- Nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain (single agent, reported in 5% or more of patients); also abdominal distension and dyspepsia
- Fatigue and decreased appetite; weight decreased
- Rash, dry skin, nail disorder and stomatitis
- Hepatotoxicity — AST or ALT increased
- Muscle spasms, epistaxis and urinary tract infection. In combination with capecitabine, additionally: constipation, dizziness, back pain, arthralgia, upper respiratory tract infection and renal impairment
Interactions
- Proton pump inhibitors — AVOID concomitant use; they may decrease neratinib AUC and reduce activity
- H2-receptor antagonists — separate administration of neratinib by at least 2 hours BEFORE or 10 hours AFTER the H2-receptor antagonist dose
- Antacids — separate administration of neratinib by at least 3 hours AFTER antacids
- Strong CYP3A4 inhibitors — avoid concomitant use
- P-glycoprotein and moderate CYP3A4 dual inhibitors — avoid concomitant use
- Strong or moderate CYP3A4 inducers — avoid concomitant use
- Certain P-glycoprotein substrates — monitor for adverse reactions of P-gp substrates for which a minimal concentration change may lead to serious adverse reactions
Clinical monograph
How it works
It irreversibly inhibits the HER2 and EGFR (HER1) receptor tyrosine kinases, blocking downstream signalling that drives tumour cell proliferation and survival.
Prescribing in practice
- Severe diarrhoea is very common and can cause dehydration and electrolyte disturbance; antidiarrhoeal prophylaxis should be initiated with the first dose and managed proactively.
- Hepatotoxicity can occur, so liver function should be checked at baseline and during treatment.
- It is metabolised by CYP3A4, so avoid concurrent strong CYP3A4 inhibitors or inducers and proton pump inhibitors as gastric acid reduction lowers absorption.
Monitoring
Monitor liver function tests during therapy and assess for diarrhoea and resulting dehydration at each review.
Counselling the patient
- Start the prescribed antidiarrhoeal medicine alongside treatment and report severe or persistent diarrhoea.
- Take with food and avoid antacid medicines unless advised by your specialist.
Evidence & guidelines
Approval was supported by the ExteNET trial demonstrating improved invasive disease-free survival in HER2-positive early breast cancer.
Reference: NICE TA612; SmPC; Drug verified in RxNorm (NLM); confirm dosing against the manufacturer SPC (eMC). Verify against your local formulary and current prescribing references before prescribing. The structured dose values shown have been reviewed by a clinician. Monograph status: clinician-reviewed (2026-07-04).
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