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Pan-HER tyrosine-kinase inhibitor Pregnancy: Based on findings from animal studies and the mechanism of action, neratinib can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. There are no available data in pregnant women to inform the drug-associated risk. In animal reproduction studies, administration to pregnant rabbits during organogenesis resulted in abortions, embryo-fetal death and fetal abnormalities at maternal exposures approximately 0.2 times exposures in patients at the recommended dose. Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus and advise patients to use effective contraception.

Neratinib (Specialist drug)

Brand names: Nerlynx

Neratinib is a specialist oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor used as extended adjuvant therapy in HER2-positive early breast cancer following trastuzumab-based treatment.

Auto-extracted from the source labelling — not yet independently clinician-verified. These values were distilled from the UK SPC (or the US label where noted) but have not had a clinician sign-off. Confirm against the current SmPC before prescribing.

Adult dose

Dose: 240 mg (six 40 mg tablets)
Route: Oral, with food. Tablets should be swallowed whole and must not be chewed, crushed or split prior to swallowing.
Frequency: Once daily. Extended adjuvant treatment of early-stage breast cancer: continuously until disease recurrence or for up to one year. Advanced or metastatic breast cancer: once daily on Days 1 to 21 of a 21-day cycle, plus capecitabine, until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Max: 240 mg once daily is the recommended (and highest) dose in the label. Dose reductions for toxicity are specified as 200 mg daily (first reduction), 160 mg daily (second reduction) and 120 mg daily (third reduction); discontinue if the patient is unable to tolerate 120 mg daily.
SOURCE: US FDA prescribing information only (Nerlynx, Puma Biotechnology Inc., label date 2026-07-02, https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=55a7b5be-747b-8497-e063-6294a90a8923). NO UK SPC was fetched in this bundle — the eMC provider is null — so this is US labelling and must be verified against a UK SPC before use. EXTENDED ADJUVANT TREATMENT OF EARLY-STAGE BREAST CANCER (verbatim): 'The recommended dose of NERLYNX is 240 mg (six tablets) given orally once daily, with food, continuously until disease recurrence or for up to one year.' ADVANCED OR METASTATIC BREAST CANCER (verbatim): 'The recommended dose of NERLYNX is 240 mg (six tablets) given orally once daily with food on Days 1-21 of a 21-day cycle plus capecitabine (750 mg/m2 given orally twice daily) on Days 1-14 of a 21-day cycle until disease progression or unacceptable toxicities.' MANDATORY DIARRHOEA MANAGEMENT — the label requires EITHER loperamide prophylaxis OR a two-week dose escalation. When NOT using dose escalation, initiate loperamide with the first dose of neratinib and continue antidiarrhoeal prophylaxis during the first 56 days of treatment, per the label's Table 1: weeks 1 to 2 (days 1 to 14) loperamide 4 mg three times daily; weeks 3 to 8 (days 15 to 56) loperamide 4 mg twice daily; from week 9 to discontinuation, loperamide 4 mg as needed, not to exceed 16 mg per day, titrated to achieve 1 to 2 bowel movements per day. After day 56, use loperamide to maintain 1 to 2 bowel movements per day. If diarrhoea occurs despite prophylaxis, treat with additional antidiarrhoeals, fluids and electrolytes as clinically indicated; dose interruptions and reductions may also be required. TWO-WEEK DOSE ESCALATION (alternative to starting at 240 mg, for early-stage and metastatic breast cancer, per the label's Table 2): week 1 (days 1 to 7) 120 mg daily (three 40 mg tablets); week 2 (days 8 to 14) 160 mg daily (four 40 mg tablets); week 3 and onwards 240 mg daily (six 40 mg tablets, the recommended dose). ADMINISTRATION: take at approximately the same time every day; if a dose is missed, do not replace it — resume with the next scheduled daily dose. DISCONTINUE for adverse reactions that fail to recover to Grade 0 to 1 or baseline, for toxicities resulting in a treatment delay of more than 3 weeks, or if unable to tolerate 120 mg daily. HEPATOTOXICITY MODIFICATION: for Grade 3 ALT or AST (5 to 20 x ULN) or Grade 3 bilirubin (above 3 to 10 x ULN), hold until recovery to Grade 1 or lower, evaluate alternative causes, and resume at the next lower dose level if recovery occurs within 3 weeks; if Grade 3 recurs despite one dose reduction, permanently discontinue. For Grade 4 ALT or AST (above 20 x ULN) or Grade 4 bilirubin (above 10 x ULN), permanently discontinue. OTHER TOXICITY: Grade 3 — hold until recovery to Grade 1 or lower or baseline within 3 weeks of stopping, then resume at the next lower dose level; Grade 4 — discontinue permanently. Monitor liver function tests monthly for the first 3 months of treatment, then every 3 months while on treatment and as clinically indicated. HEPATIC IMPAIRMENT: reduce the starting dose to 80 mg in patients with SEVERE hepatic impairment. When used in combination with capecitabine, refer to the capecitabine prescribing information for capecitabine dose modifications. PAEDIATRIC: 'The safety and efficacy of NERLYNX in pediatric patients has not been established.' No paediatric dose is stated, so paedDose is null; verify any under-18 use against a children's formulary. No renal dose adjustment appears in the fetched sections. The label's dose-modification tables, pregnancy, warnings and interactions sections were truncated at the source-fetch limit.

Dose auto-extracted from US FDA prescribing information (openFDA / DailyMed) — cross-check; US labelling may differ from UK — not yet clinician-verified. Always confirm against the product SmPC and your local formulary before prescribing.

Contraindications

  • None — the US label's CONTRAINDICATIONS section (section 4) states 'None.' UK SPC section 4.3 was not fetched and should be checked separately.

Side effects

  • Diarrhoea — severe diarrhoea and sequelae such as dehydration, hypotension and renal failure occurred; reported in 95% of neratinib-treated patients in the ExteNET trial who were not required to receive antidiarrhoeal prophylaxis, with Grade 3 diarrhoea in 40%
  • Nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain (single agent, reported in 5% or more of patients); also abdominal distension and dyspepsia
  • Fatigue and decreased appetite; weight decreased
  • Rash, dry skin, nail disorder and stomatitis
  • Hepatotoxicity — AST or ALT increased
  • Muscle spasms, epistaxis and urinary tract infection. In combination with capecitabine, additionally: constipation, dizziness, back pain, arthralgia, upper respiratory tract infection and renal impairment

Interactions

  • Proton pump inhibitors — AVOID concomitant use; they may decrease neratinib AUC and reduce activity
  • H2-receptor antagonists — separate administration of neratinib by at least 2 hours BEFORE or 10 hours AFTER the H2-receptor antagonist dose
  • Antacids — separate administration of neratinib by at least 3 hours AFTER antacids
  • Strong CYP3A4 inhibitors — avoid concomitant use
  • P-glycoprotein and moderate CYP3A4 dual inhibitors — avoid concomitant use
  • Strong or moderate CYP3A4 inducers — avoid concomitant use
  • Certain P-glycoprotein substrates — monitor for adverse reactions of P-gp substrates for which a minimal concentration change may lead to serious adverse reactions

Clinical monograph

How it works

It irreversibly inhibits the HER2 and EGFR (HER1) receptor tyrosine kinases, blocking downstream signalling that drives tumour cell proliferation and survival.

Prescribing in practice

  • Severe diarrhoea is very common and can cause dehydration and electrolyte disturbance; antidiarrhoeal prophylaxis should be initiated with the first dose and managed proactively.
  • Hepatotoxicity can occur, so liver function should be checked at baseline and during treatment.
  • It is metabolised by CYP3A4, so avoid concurrent strong CYP3A4 inhibitors or inducers and proton pump inhibitors as gastric acid reduction lowers absorption.

Monitoring

Monitor liver function tests during therapy and assess for diarrhoea and resulting dehydration at each review.

Counselling the patient

  • Start the prescribed antidiarrhoeal medicine alongside treatment and report severe or persistent diarrhoea.
  • Take with food and avoid antacid medicines unless advised by your specialist.

Evidence & guidelines

Approval was supported by the ExteNET trial demonstrating improved invasive disease-free survival in HER2-positive early breast cancer.

Reference: NICE TA612; SmPC; Drug verified in RxNorm (NLM); confirm dosing against the manufacturer SPC (eMC). Verify against your local formulary and current prescribing references before prescribing. The structured dose values shown have been reviewed by a clinician. Monograph status: clinician-reviewed (2026-07-04).

Related

Curated clinical cross-links plus same-class fallbacks.