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Anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody Pregnancy: Women of childbearing potential should use effective contraception during treatment and for at least 6 months after the last dose of serplulimab. Pregnancy: there is no data on the use of serplulimab in pregnant women. Animal studies have demonstrated that inhibition of the PD-1 pathway causes embryofoetal toxicity. Human IgG is known to cross the placental barrier and serplulimab is an IgG4; therefore, it has the potential to be transmitted from the mother to the developing foetus. Serplulimab is not recommended during pregnancy and in women of childbearing potential not using contraception. Breast-feeding: it is unknown whether serplulimab is excreted in human milk. Human IgGs are known to be excreted in breast milk during the first few days after birth, decreasing to low concentrations soon; consequently, a risk to the breast-fed infant cannot be excluded during this short period. Afterwards, serplulimab could be used during breast-feeding if clinically needed. Fertility: studies to evaluate fertility have not been performed; the effect of serplulimab on male and female fertility is unknown. (SPC §4.6)

Serplulimab (Specialist drug)

Brand names: Hetronifly

Serplulimab is an intravenous anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody (immune checkpoint inhibitor) used as a specialist anticancer treatment, including in small-cell lung cancer.

Adult dose

Dose: In combination with chemotherapy, until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity - extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) and non-small cell lung carcinoma (non-squamous and squamous NSCLC): 4.5 mg/kg bodyweight serplulimab every 3 weeks (induction and maintenance phases); oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC, PD-L1 CPS >= 5): 3.0 mg/kg bodyweight serplulimab every 2 weeks (induction and maintenance phases)
Route: Intravenous infusion (not as an intravenous push or bolus injection)
Frequency: Every 3 weeks (SCLC, NSCLC); every 2 weeks (OSCC)
Product: UK SPC via MHRA Products - HETRONIFLY 10MG/ML CONCENTRATE FOR SOLUTION FOR INFUSION (PL200751559), Accord Healthcare Limited. SPC §2: 'Each ml of concentrate for solution for infusion contains 10 mg of serplulimab. One vial of 10 ml of concentrate contains 100 mg of serplulimab.' SPC §4.1 (first-line, adults): ES-SCLC with carboplatin and etoposide; non-squamous NSCLC (no EGFR, ALK or ROS1 positive mutations; locally advanced not candidates for surgery or radiotherapy, or metastatic) with carboplatin and pemetrexed; squamous NSCLC (unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic) with carboplatin and nab-paclitaxel; OSCC (unresectable, locally advanced, recurrent or metastatic, tumours expressing PD-L1 with a CPS >= 5) with fluoropyrimidine and platinum-based chemotherapy. The page names no tumour type beyond its pearl (ES-SCLC), so all licensed indications are recorded. SPC §4.2 (verbatim): 'Treatment must be initiated and supervised by a physician experienced in the treatment of cancer.' SCLC: 'The recommended dose in both the induction and maintenance phases is 4.5 mg/kg bodyweight serplulimab every 3 weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. During the induction phase (4 cycles), carboplatin is administered on day 1, and etoposide on days 1, 2 and 3 of each 3-week cycle.' Non-squamous NSCLC: same 4.5 mg/kg every 3 weeks; 'During the induction phase (4 cycles), carboplatin and pemetrexed are administered on day 1 of each 3-week cycle. During the maintenance phase, the administration of pemetrexed is continued at the discretion of the physician.' Squamous NSCLC: same 4.5 mg/kg every 3 weeks; 'During the induction phase (4 - 6 cycles), carboplatin is administered on day 1 and nab-paclitaxel on days 1, 8 and 15 of each 3-week cycle.' OSCC: 'The recommended dose in both the induction and maintenance phases is 3.0 mg/kg bodyweight serplulimab every 2 weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. During the induction phase, cisplatin is administered on day 1 of each 2-week cycle for up to 8 cycles, and 5-fluorouracil on day 1 of each 2-week cycle for up to 12 cycles.' For use in combination, see the SmPC for the concomitant therapies. DOSE MODIFICATION: 'Dose escalation or reduction of HETRONIFLY is not recommended. Dose withholding or discontinuation may be required based on individual safety and tolerability. Dose withholding for up to 12 weeks for tolerability is acceptable.' Grade-based withhold / permanently-discontinue rules for immune-mediated adverse reactions are in SPC §4.2 Table 1 (not reproduced here); infusion-related reactions: Grade 2 - reduce infusion rate to half rate or interrupt, treatment may be resumed when resolved; Grade 3 or 4 - permanently discontinue. ADMINISTRATION (§4.2): 'The initial infusion rate should be set up to 100 ml per hour. If the first infusion is well tolerated, all subsequent infusions may be shortened to 30 minutes (± 10 minutes). When administered in combination with chemotherapy, HETRONIFLY should be given first followed by chemotherapy on the same day. Use separate infusion bags for each infusion. HETRONIFLY must not be administered as an intravenous push or bolus injection. The total dose of HETRONIFLY required should be diluted with sodium chloride 9 mg/ml (0.9%) solution for injection (see section 6.6).' The dilution volume / final concentration is in §6.6, which was NOT retrieved and is not stated here. PD-L1 testing: where specified in the indication (OSCC), by a CE-marked IVD or a validated test. Elderly: 'No dose adjustment is needed for elderly patients (≥ 65 years)'. Paediatric: 'There is no relevant use of serplulimab in the paediatric population.' The SPC prints no maximum dose. Some sections of the product information we used were incomplete — check the full SPC.

Dose adjustments

Renal

No dose adjustment is needed for mild (CRCL=60-89 ml/min) or moderate (CRCL=30-59 ml/min) renal impairment. There are insufficient data and no dose recommendation can be made in patients with severe (CRCL=15-29 ml/min) renal impairment (SPC §4.2).

Hepatic

No dose adjustment is needed for mild hepatic impairment (bilirubin <= ULN and AST > ULN, or bilirubin > 1 to 1.5 x ULN and any AST). There are insufficient data in moderate (bilirubin > 1.5 to 3 x ULN and any AST) hepatic impairment and no data in severe (bilirubin > 3 x ULN and any AST) hepatic impairment; no dose recommendation can be made for moderate or severe hepatic impairment (SPC §4.2).

Dose independently re-sourced from UK Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) via MHRA Products — clinician-reviewed. Always confirm against the product SmPC and your local formulary before prescribing.

Contraindications

  • Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients (SPC §4.3 - the only contraindication listed)

Side effects

  • Most common adverse reactions (with chemotherapy, pooled n=1,343): anaemia (80.2%), neutropenia (74.5%), leukopenia (71.6%), thrombocytopenia (53.8%), nausea (44.4%), decreased appetite (36.0%), alopecia (33.6%), hypoproteinaemia (31.3%), asthenia (29.9%), vomiting (28.2%) (SPC §4.8)
  • Most common Grade >= 3 adverse reactions: neutropenia (46.2%), leukopenia (27.3%), anaemia (25.8%), thrombocytopenia (15.3%), hyponatraemia (6.9%), pneumonia (5.6%)
  • Most common serious adverse reactions: thrombocytopenia (8.4%), pneumonia (6.6%), neutropenia (6.0%), leukopenia (5.9%), anaemia (4.5%), pneumonitis (3.3%)
  • Most common immune-mediated adverse reactions: hypothyroidism (11.5%), immune-mediated skin reactions (7.6%), hyperthyroidism (7.1%), immune-mediated lung disease (5.5%), abnormal liver function (3.2%), immune-mediated nephritis and renal insufficiency (3.1%), immune-mediated colitis (1.6%)
  • Discontinued due to adverse reactions in 8.1% of patients; most common causes pneumonitis (1.6%) and pneumonia (1.3%)
  • Table 2 (retrieved portion): infusion-related reaction - common; anaphylactic reaction - uncommon; thyroiditis - common; adrenal insufficiency and hypophysitis - uncommon. The remainder of the §4.8 table is cut off at source
  • Immune-mediated adverse reactions, including severe and fatal cases, can affect more than one body system simultaneously and have occurred up to 3.6 months after the last dose (SPC §4.4)

Interactions

  • Drug-drug interaction studies have not been conducted; as a monoclonal antibody it is not metabolised by CYP enzymes or other drug metabolising enzymes, so enzyme inhibition or induction by co-administered medicinal products is not anticipated to affect its pharmacokinetics (SPC §4.5)
  • Avoid systemic corticosteroids or immunosuppressants before starting serplulimab because of potential interference with pharmacodynamic activity and efficacy; they can be used to treat immune-mediated adverse reactions after starting serplulimab (SPC §4.5)

Monitoring

  • Liver function (transaminases and total bilirubin) periodically (every month); increase frequency if immune-mediated hepatitis occurs (SPC §4.4)
  • Renal function periodically (every month); increase frequency if immune-mediated nephritis occurs (SPC §4.4)
  • Thyroid function - monitor for changes and clinical signs of thyroid disorders; monitor continuously to ensure appropriate hormone replacement (SPC §4.4)
  • Signs and symptoms of immune-mediated pneumonitis (radiographic changes, dyspnoea, hypoxia), colitis (abdominal pain, diarrhoea, mucus or blood in stool) and hypophysitis (SPC §4.4)
  • PD-L1 status (CPS) by a validated test where specified in the indication (SPC §4.2/§4.4)
  • Record the name and batch number of the administered product for traceability (SPC §4.4)

Clinical monograph

How it works

It blocks the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) receptor on T cells, releasing inhibitory signalling and restoring T-cell-mediated anti-tumour immune responses.

Prescribing in practice

  • As a checkpoint inhibitor it can cause serious immune-related adverse effects affecting many organs (including colitis, pneumonitis, hepatitis and endocrinopathies) that may require corticosteroids and treatment interruption.
  • Infusion-related reactions can occur and administration is restricted to specialist oncology services.
  • Endocrine effects such as thyroid dysfunction may be delayed and require ongoing vigilance.

Monitoring

Monitor liver, renal, thyroid and other endocrine function and watch for immune-related adverse effects throughout and after treatment.

Counselling the patient

  • Report new or worsening symptoms such as persistent diarrhoea, breathlessness, cough or unusual fatigue promptly.
  • Carry an alert card and tell any healthcare professional you are receiving immunotherapy.
  • Attend all monitoring appointments, including after treatment has finished.

Evidence & guidelines

Use is guided by the SPC and randomised trial evidence for PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors in the relevant tumour types.

Reference: NICE; SmPC; Confirm identity and dosing against the manufacturer SPC (eMC) and NICE. Verify against your local formulary and current prescribing references before prescribing. The structured dose values shown have been reviewed by a clinician. Monograph status: clinician-reviewed (2026-07-04).

Related

Curated clinical cross-links plus same-class fallbacks.