Apalutamide
Brand names: Erleada
Apalutamide is an oral androgen receptor inhibitor used with androgen deprivation therapy in the treatment of non-metastatic castration-resistant and metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer.
Adult dose
Dose adjustments
No dose adjustment is necessary for mild to moderate renal impairment. Caution is required in severe renal impairment as apalutamide has not been studied in this population; if treatment is started, monitor for adverse reactions and dose reduce as per §4.2.
Dose auto-extracted from UK Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) via the eMC; US FDA prescribing information (openFDA / DailyMed) — cross-check; US labelling may differ from UK — not yet clinician-verified. Always confirm against the product SmPC and your local formulary before prescribing.
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients
- Women who are or may become pregnant
Side effects
- Fatigue (26%)
- Skin rash (26% any grade; 6% Grade 3 or 4)
- Hypertension (22%)
- Hot flush (18%)
- Arthralgia (17%)
- Diarrhoea (16%)
- Fall (13%) and fracture (11%)
Interactions
- Apalutamide is a potent enzyme inducer and may lead to loss of efficacy of many commonly used medicinal products — review concomitant medication when treatment is initiated
- Generally avoid concomitant use with medicinal products that are sensitive substrates of many metabolising enzymes or transporters where the therapeutic effect is important and dose adjustment cannot easily be made on monitoring
- Avoid co-administration with warfarin and coumarin-like anticoagulants; if given with an anticoagulant metabolised by CYP2C9 (e.g. warfarin, acenocoumarol), conduct additional INR monitoring
- Strong CYP2C8 or CYP3A4 inhibitors are predicted to increase steady-state exposure of the active moieties — reduce the apalutamide dose as for adverse reactions (US label §7.1)
- Decreases exposure of CYP3A4, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, P-gp, BCRP and OATP1B1 substrates, which may reduce their effectiveness (US label §7.2)
Clinical monograph
How it works
It binds the androgen receptor ligand-binding domain and inhibits receptor nuclear translocation, DNA binding and transcription, suppressing androgen-driven prostate cancer growth.
Prescribing in practice
- Severe cutaneous reactions including Stevens-Johnson syndrome and DRESS have been reported, so warn the patient and stop treatment for serious skin reactions; falls, fractures, seizures and ischaemic cardiovascular events are also recognised risks.
- It is a potent enzyme inducer affecting CYP3A4, CYP2C9 and other pathways, causing numerous interactions, so review all co-medications including anticoagulants.
- It must be continued together with androgen deprivation therapy, and the SPC advises effective contraception measures for partners of childbearing potential.
Monitoring
Monitor for skin reactions, falls and fractures, seizure activity and cardiovascular events, alongside disease response and relevant blood tests.
Counselling the patient
- Report any rash, blistering, or mouth ulcers promptly, and continue your hormone injections alongside these tablets.
- Take care to reduce your risk of falls, and report any blackouts, fits, or chest pain.
- Do not stop the medicine without advice.
Evidence & guidelines
Apalutamide's benefit in castration-resistant and hormone-sensitive prostate cancer is established by the SPARTAN and TITAN trials, the SPC and NICE guidance.
Reference: SPARTAN trial (Smith et al. NEJM 2018); NICE TA578; MHRA SPC Erleada; EAU Prostate Cancer Guidelines 2024; Drug verified in RxNorm (NLM); confirm dosing against the manufacturer SPC (eMC). Verify against your local formulary and current prescribing references before prescribing. The structured dose values shown have been reviewed by a clinician. Monograph status: clinician-reviewed (2026-07-04).
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