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Non-Steroidal Anti-Androgen Pregnancy: Contraindicated in females and must not be given to pregnant women; contraindicated during breast-feeding (eMC §4.6). US labelling: contraindicated in pregnancy because it can cause fetal harm, and not indicated for use in females. Fertility: reversible impairment of male fertility has been observed in animal studies and a period of subfertility or infertility should be assumed in man.

Bicalutamide

Brand names: Casodex

Bicalutamide is an oral non-steroidal anti-androgen used in prostate cancer, either with a GnRH analogue for advanced disease or as monotherapy in locally advanced disease. The overview context here is androgen-deprivation therapy for prostate cancer.

Auto-extracted from the source labelling — not yet independently clinician-verified. These values were distilled from the UK SPC (or the US label where noted) but have not had a clinician sign-off. Confirm against the current SmPC before prescribing.

Adult dose

Dose: 150 mg (one 150 mg film-coated tablet) once daily — the MONOTHERAPY regimen of the fetched SPC; the 50 mg combined-blockade regimen is NOT sourced here, see the notes
Route: Oral
Frequency: Once daily, taken continuously for at least 2 years or until disease progression
SOURCE: eMC UK SPC, productName 'Bicalutamide 150 mg film-coated Tablets' (https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/101113/smpc), §4.2 — the same SPC as the general bicalutamide entry; this is the urology-context listing. VERBATIM: 'Adult males including older people: the dosage is one 150mg film-coated tablet to be taken orally once a day. Bicalutamide should be taken continuously for at least 2 years or until disease progression.' PAGE SCOPE WARNING: a urology listing is normally expected to cover BOTH bicalutamide regimens — 150 mg once daily as monotherapy AND 50 mg once daily with a GnRH/LHRH analogue for combined androgen blockade or flare cover. Only the 150 mg monotherapy SPC was fetched in this bundle, so only that regimen is asserted above. The 50 mg regimen appears here solely in the US prescribing information fetched in this bundle (bicalutamide, Proficient Rx LP, DailyMed, 2024-03-01): 'The recommended dose for bicalutamide tablets therapy in combination with an LHRH analog is one 50 mg tablet once daily (morning or evening), with or without food', started at the same time as the LHRH analogue. That is US labelling and the corresponding UK SPC for the 50 mg product was NOT fetched — source it before publishing a combined-blockade dose. The two regimens differ threefold, so confirm which indication and strength applies before acting on this page. INITIATION should be under the direct supervision of a specialist. For patients who have objective progression of disease together with elevated PSA, cessation of bicalutamide therapy should be considered. HEPATIC: no dose adjustment for mild hepatic impairment; increased accumulation may occur in moderate to severe hepatic impairment, so use with caution and consider periodic liver function testing (the majority of changes are expected within the first 6 months) and discontinue if changes are severe. PHOTOSENSITIVITY (§4.4, reported for the 150 mg strength): advise patients to avoid direct exposure to excessive sunlight or UV light and consider sunscreens. CONTRACEPTION: patients and/or their partners should follow adequate contraception during, and for 130 days after, bicalutamide therapy. PAEDIATRIC: bicalutamide is contraindicated for use in children (§4.3), hence paedDose is null. SOURCE NOTE: the eMC §4.5 was not captured in this bundle (the §4.4 text is truncated at the source-fetch limit) — the interactions below are drawn from eMC §4.3 and §4.4 and from the US label §7, each marked with its provenance; review the full §4.5 in the SPC.

Dose adjustments

Renal

No dosage adjustment is necessary for patients with renal impairment (eMC §4.2; the US label agrees).

Dose auto-extracted from UK Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) via the eMC; US FDA prescribing information (openFDA / DailyMed) — cross-check; US labelling may differ from UK — not yet clinician-verified. Always confirm against the product SmPC and your local formulary before prescribing.

Contraindications

  • Females and children — Bicalutamide 150 mg is contra-indicated in females and children (eMC §4.3); the US label adds that it can cause fetal harm in pregnancy and has no indication for women
  • Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients
  • Co-administration of terfenadine, astemizole or cisapride

Side effects

  • Rash (very common); gynaecomastia and breast tenderness (very common — the majority of patients receiving 150 mg as monotherapy experience these, severe in up to 5%, and gynaecomastia may not resolve after stopping); asthenia (very common)
  • Hot flush, anaemia, decreased appetite, abdominal pain, constipation, dyspepsia, flatulence and nausea (common)
  • Hepatotoxicity, jaundice and hypertransaminasaemia (common); hepatic failure with fatal outcomes reported (rare)
  • Decreased libido, depression, dizziness, somnolence and erectile dysfunction (common); haematuria, alopecia, hirsutism/hair re-growth, dry skin, pruritus, chest pain, oedema and weight increase (common)
  • Interstitial lung disease with fatal outcomes reported (uncommon); QT prolongation (not known); hypersensitivity, angioedema and urticaria (uncommon); photosensitivity reaction (rare)

Interactions

  • Terfenadine, astemizole and cisapride — co-administration with bicalutamide is contraindicated (eMC §4.3)
  • Drugs metabolised predominantly by CYP3A4 — bicalutamide has been shown to inhibit CYP3A4, so caution should be exercised when co-administered (eMC §4.4). The US label §7 adds that R-bicalutamide is a CYP3A4 inhibitor with lesser effects on CYP2C9, 2C19 and 2D6, and that midazolam levels may increase 1.5-fold (Cmax) and 1.9-fold (AUC)
  • Coumarin anticoagulants — potentiation of the anticoagulant effect has been reported, which may increase prothrombin time and INR and has been associated with bleeding risk; close monitoring of PT/INR is advised and anticoagulant dose adjustment should be considered (eMC §4.4; US label §7 notes bicalutamide can displace coumarins from protein binding sites)
  • Medicinal products that might prolong the QT interval — androgen deprivation therapy may prolong the QT interval, so in patients with a history of or risk factors for QT prolongation, assess the benefit-risk ratio including the potential for Torsade de pointes before initiating (eMC §4.4)
  • LHRH analogues (goserelin, leuprolide) — clinical studies have not shown any drug interactions with bicalutamide (US label §7)

Clinical monograph

How it works

It competitively blocks androgen receptors in prostatic tissue, preventing testosterone and dihydrotestosterone from stimulating tumour growth.

Prescribing in practice

  • Hepatotoxicity can occur, so liver function should be checked before and during treatment and the drug stopped if severe derangement develops.
  • When combined with a GnRH agonist for metastatic disease, start the anti-androgen first or concurrently to cover the initial testosterone 'flare'.
  • Gynaecomastia and breast tenderness are common, particularly with monotherapy, and prophylactic measures may be considered per the SPC.

Monitoring

Monitor liver function tests periodically and review PSA and clinical response to gauge disease control.

Counselling the patient

  • Report yellowing of the skin or eyes, dark urine, or unusual tiredness promptly.
  • Breast swelling or tenderness is a recognised effect that can be managed.
  • Take regularly at the same time each day as directed.

Evidence & guidelines

Established in prostate cancer through randomised trials supporting its use in combined androgen blockade and as monotherapy in locally advanced disease.

Reference: NICE NG131 (Prostate Cancer); MHRA Drug Safety Update (bicalutamide hepatotoxicity); EAU Guidelines 2024; Drug verified in RxNorm (NLM); confirm dosing against the manufacturer SPC (eMC). Verify against your local formulary and current prescribing references before prescribing. The structured dose values shown have been reviewed by a clinician. Monograph status: clinician-reviewed (2026-07-04).

Related

Curated clinical cross-links plus same-class fallbacks.