Bicalutamide
Brand names: Casodex
Bicalutamide is an oral non-steroidal anti-androgen used in prostate cancer, either with a GnRH analogue for advanced disease or as monotherapy in locally advanced disease. The overview context here is androgen-deprivation therapy for prostate cancer.
Adult dose
Dose adjustments
No dosage adjustment is necessary for patients with renal impairment (eMC §4.2; the US label agrees).
Dose auto-extracted from UK Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) via the eMC; US FDA prescribing information (openFDA / DailyMed) — cross-check; US labelling may differ from UK — not yet clinician-verified. Always confirm against the product SmPC and your local formulary before prescribing.
Contraindications
- Females and children — Bicalutamide 150 mg is contra-indicated in females and children (eMC §4.3); the US label adds that it can cause fetal harm in pregnancy and has no indication for women
- Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients
- Co-administration of terfenadine, astemizole or cisapride
Side effects
- Rash (very common); gynaecomastia and breast tenderness (very common — the majority of patients receiving 150 mg as monotherapy experience these, severe in up to 5%, and gynaecomastia may not resolve after stopping); asthenia (very common)
- Hot flush, anaemia, decreased appetite, abdominal pain, constipation, dyspepsia, flatulence and nausea (common)
- Hepatotoxicity, jaundice and hypertransaminasaemia (common); hepatic failure with fatal outcomes reported (rare)
- Decreased libido, depression, dizziness, somnolence and erectile dysfunction (common); haematuria, alopecia, hirsutism/hair re-growth, dry skin, pruritus, chest pain, oedema and weight increase (common)
- Interstitial lung disease with fatal outcomes reported (uncommon); QT prolongation (not known); hypersensitivity, angioedema and urticaria (uncommon); photosensitivity reaction (rare)
Interactions
- Terfenadine, astemizole and cisapride — co-administration with bicalutamide is contraindicated (eMC §4.3)
- Drugs metabolised predominantly by CYP3A4 — bicalutamide has been shown to inhibit CYP3A4, so caution should be exercised when co-administered (eMC §4.4). The US label §7 adds that R-bicalutamide is a CYP3A4 inhibitor with lesser effects on CYP2C9, 2C19 and 2D6, and that midazolam levels may increase 1.5-fold (Cmax) and 1.9-fold (AUC)
- Coumarin anticoagulants — potentiation of the anticoagulant effect has been reported, which may increase prothrombin time and INR and has been associated with bleeding risk; close monitoring of PT/INR is advised and anticoagulant dose adjustment should be considered (eMC §4.4; US label §7 notes bicalutamide can displace coumarins from protein binding sites)
- Medicinal products that might prolong the QT interval — androgen deprivation therapy may prolong the QT interval, so in patients with a history of or risk factors for QT prolongation, assess the benefit-risk ratio including the potential for Torsade de pointes before initiating (eMC §4.4)
- LHRH analogues (goserelin, leuprolide) — clinical studies have not shown any drug interactions with bicalutamide (US label §7)
Clinical monograph
How it works
It competitively blocks androgen receptors in prostatic tissue, preventing testosterone and dihydrotestosterone from stimulating tumour growth.
Prescribing in practice
- Hepatotoxicity can occur, so liver function should be checked before and during treatment and the drug stopped if severe derangement develops.
- When combined with a GnRH agonist for metastatic disease, start the anti-androgen first or concurrently to cover the initial testosterone 'flare'.
- Gynaecomastia and breast tenderness are common, particularly with monotherapy, and prophylactic measures may be considered per the SPC.
Monitoring
Monitor liver function tests periodically and review PSA and clinical response to gauge disease control.
Counselling the patient
- Report yellowing of the skin or eyes, dark urine, or unusual tiredness promptly.
- Breast swelling or tenderness is a recognised effect that can be managed.
- Take regularly at the same time each day as directed.
Evidence & guidelines
Established in prostate cancer through randomised trials supporting its use in combined androgen blockade and as monotherapy in locally advanced disease.
Reference: NICE NG131 (Prostate Cancer); MHRA Drug Safety Update (bicalutamide hepatotoxicity); EAU Guidelines 2024; Drug verified in RxNorm (NLM); confirm dosing against the manufacturer SPC (eMC). Verify against your local formulary and current prescribing references before prescribing. The structured dose values shown have been reviewed by a clinician. Monograph status: clinician-reviewed (2026-07-04).
Related
Curated clinical cross-links plus same-class fallbacks.
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