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Haematology Strong — Greenberg 2012 / IPSS-R consensus

IPSS-R for Myelodysplastic Syndrome

Revised International Prognostic Scoring System for MDS. Predicts overall survival and AML transformation risk.

Score interpretation

Very Low Risk 0–1

IPSS-R Very Low (≤ 1.5): Median OS ~8.8 years. Very low AML transformation risk.

→ Watchful waiting if asymptomatic. Treat cytopenias symptomatically: ESA for anaemia (EPO < 500), G-CSF for severe neutropenia. Transfusion support if needed. 3–6 monthly haematology review.

Low Risk 2–3

IPSS-R Low (1.5–3): Median OS ~5.3 years. Low AML transformation risk.

→ Active monitoring. ESA ± G-CSF for symptomatic cytopenias. Lenalidomide for del(5q). Transfusion chelation if > 20 units packed red cells (deferasirox). Consider clinical trial enrolment.

Intermediate Risk 4–5

IPSS-R Intermediate (3–4.5): Median OS ~3 years. Significant AML transformation risk.

→ Haematology specialist care. Consider azacitidine (hypomethylating agent) if unfit for transplant. Allogeneic SCT discussion if fit and donor available. Clinical trial if available. Transfusion support.

High Risk 6–7

IPSS-R High (4.5–6): Median OS ~1.6 years. High risk of AML transformation.

→ Azacitidine 75 mg/m² SC days 1–7, every 28 days. Allogeneic SCT if eligible (age < 70, fit, matched donor). Clinical trial. Intensive AML-type induction if very fit and blast > 10%. Palliative care involvement early.

Very High Risk 8–99

IPSS-R Very High (> 6): Median OS ~0.8 years. Very high AML transformation risk.

→ Urgent allogeneic SCT workup if eligible. Azacitidine bridging therapy. Best supportive care if unfit for transplant. Early palliative care integration. Advance care planning.

Interpretation bands for the IPSS-R (MDS). Apply clinical judgement and local guidance.

References

Related

Curated clinical cross-links plus same-class fallbacks.

Decision support only — verify against a current formulary, NICE, or your local guideline before clinical use.