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PDE5 Inhibitor — Erectile Dysfunction Pregnancy: eMC §4.6: 'Vardenafil is not indicated for use by women. There are no studies of vardenafil in pregnant women. There are no fertility data available.' The US label likewise states vardenafil is not indicated for use in females, with no human pregnancy data; in animal reproduction studies no adverse developmental outcomes were observed at approximately 100-fold (rat) and 29-fold (rabbit) the maximum recommended human dose of 20 mg based on AUC.

Vardenafil

Brand names: Levitra, Vivanza

Vardenafil is a phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor used to treat erectile dysfunction in adult men.

Auto-extracted from the source labelling — not yet independently clinician-verified. These values were distilled from the UK SPC (or the US label where noted) but have not had a clinician sign-off. Confirm against the current SmPC before prescribing.

Adult dose

Dose: 10 mg taken as needed approximately 25 to 60 minutes before sexual activity; based on efficacy and tolerability the dose may be increased to 20 mg or decreased to 5 mg
Route: Oral — may be taken with or without food; the onset of activity may be delayed if taken with a high fat meal
Frequency: As needed before sexual activity; 'The maximum recommended dosing frequency is once per day'
Max: 20 mg is the maximum recommended dose and the maximum recommended dosing frequency is once per day. Maximum 10 mg in moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh B); the dose should not exceed 5 mg with CYP3A4 inhibitors such as erythromycin or clarithromycin
SOURCE: eMC UK SPC 'Vardenafil Mylan 10 mg film-coated tablets' §4.2, quoted verbatim, for use in adult men. ELDERLY (≥65 years): 'Dose adjustments are not required in elderly patients. However, an increase to a maximum 20 mg dose should be carefully considered depending on the individual tolerability' — tolerability of the 20 mg dose may be lower in this group. HEPATIC IMPAIRMENT: consider a starting dose of 5 mg in mild and moderate impairment (Child-Pugh A-B), increasing subsequently based on tolerability and efficacy; the maximum dose recommended in moderate impairment (Child-Pugh B) is 10 mg; severe impairment (Child-Pugh C) is contraindicated. CYP3A4 INHIBITORS: 'When used in combination with the CYP3A4 inhibitors such as erythromycin or clarithromycin, the dose of vardenafil should not exceed 5 mg.' ALPHA-BLOCKERS (§4.4): initiate vardenafil only in patients stabilised on alpha-blocker therapy, at the lowest recommended starting dose of 5 mg; vardenafil may be given at any time with tamsulosin or alfuzosin, while with other alpha-blockers a time separation of dosing should be considered. PAEDIATRIC: 'Vardenafil is not indicated for individuals below 18 years of age. There is no relevant indication for use of vardenafil in children.' US CROSS-CHECK (differs — do not merge): starting dose 10 mg approximately 60 minutes before sexual activity; a 5 mg starting dose should be considered in patients ≥65 years; CYP3A4 caps are ritonavir or cobicistat no more than 2.5 mg in a 72-hour period; indinavir, saquinavir, atazanavir, ketoconazole 400 mg daily, itraconazole 400 mg daily or clarithromycin no more than 2.5 mg in a 24-hour period; ketoconazole 200 mg daily, itraconazole 200 mg daily or erythromycin no more than 5 mg in a 24-hour period; 5 mg starting dose on stable alpha-blocker therapy (2.5 mg with certain CYP3A4 inhibitors); do not use in patients on renal dialysis. §4.4 of the SPC was truncated at the source-fetch limit.

Dose adjustments

Renal

eMC §4.2: 'No dose adjustment is required in patients with mild to moderate renal impairment. In patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance <30 ml/min), a starting dose of 5 mg should be considered. Based on tolerability and efficacy the dose may be increased to 10 mg and 20 mg.' End stage renal disease requiring dialysis is contraindicated (§4.3); the US label states 'Do not use vardenafil hydrochloride tablets in patients on renal dialysis.'

Dose auto-extracted from UK Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) via the eMC; US FDA prescribing information (openFDA / DailyMed) — cross-check; US labelling may differ from UK — not yet clinician-verified. Always confirm against the product SmPC and your local formulary before prescribing.

Contraindications

  • Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients
  • Co-administration with nitrates or nitric oxide donors (such as amyl nitrite) in any form
  • Co-administration with guanylate cyclase stimulators such as riociguat (risk of symptomatic hypotension)
  • Loss of vision in one eye because of non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (NAION), whether or not connected with previous PDE5 inhibitor exposure
  • Men for whom sexual activity is inadvisable, e.g. severe cardiovascular disorders such as unstable angina or severe cardiac failure (NYHA III or IV)
  • Severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh C); end stage renal disease requiring dialysis; hypotension (blood pressure <90/50 mmHg); recent history of stroke or myocardial infarction (within the last 6 months); unstable angina; known hereditary retinal degenerative disorders such as retinitis pigmentosa
  • Concomitant use with the potent CYP3A4 inhibitors ketoconazole and itraconazole (oral form) in men older than 75 years
  • Concomitant use with HIV protease inhibitors such as ritonavir and indinavir (very potent CYP3A4 inhibitors)

Side effects

  • Headache — very common (≥1/10), the most commonly reported adverse reaction; elderly patients (≥65 years) taking 20 mg had higher frequencies of headache (16.2% versus 11.8%)
  • Flushing, nasal congestion, dizziness and dyspepsia (common)
  • Visual disturbance, ocular hyperaemia, visual colour distortions, eye pain and eye discomfort, photophobia, tinnitus and vertigo (uncommon); non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy, visual defects and central serous chorioretinopathy (rare/not known)
  • Palpitation, tachycardia, hypotension, hypertension, dyspnoea, sinus congestion, back pain, myalgia and increased creatine phosphokinase (uncommon); myocardial infarction, ventricular tachyarrhythmias, angina pectoris and sudden death (rare)
  • Increase in erection, priapism, penile haemorrhage, haematospermia and haematuria; allergic oedema and angioedema, rash, photosensitivity reaction and Stevens-Johnson syndrome / toxic epidermal necrolysis; syncope, seizure, amnesia, transient ischaemic attack and cerebral haemorrhage (rare)

Interactions

  • Nitrates and nitric oxide donors — co-administration is contraindicated (potentiation of hypotensive effects)
  • Guanylate cyclase stimulators such as riociguat — co-administration is contraindicated
  • Potent CYP3A4 inhibitors — HIV protease inhibitors (ritonavir, indinavir) contraindicated; ketoconazole and itraconazole (oral) contraindicated in men older than 75 years
  • Moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors such as erythromycin or clarithromycin — the vardenafil dose should not exceed 5 mg
  • Alpha-blockers — concomitant use may lead to symptomatic hypotension as both are vasodilators; start vardenafil at 5 mg only in patients stabilised on alpha-blocker therapy; may be given at any time with tamsulosin or alfuzosin, otherwise consider a time separation of dosing; in patients already on an optimised vardenafil dose, alpha-blocker therapy should be started at the lowest dose

Clinical monograph

How it works

It selectively inhibits PDE5, preventing the breakdown of cyclic GMP and enhancing nitric oxide-mediated smooth muscle relaxation, which increases penile blood flow during sexual stimulation.

Prescribing in practice

  • It is contraindicated with nitrates or nicorandil because of the risk of severe, potentially fatal hypotension.
  • It can prolong the QT interval, so it should be avoided in patients with relevant risk factors or taking other QT-prolonging medicines, including certain antiarrhythmics.
  • Caution and dose consideration apply with alpha-blockers and potent CYP3A4 inhibitors owing to additive hypotension and increased exposure.

Monitoring

Assess cardiovascular fitness for sexual activity before prescribing and review efficacy and tolerability rather than relying on routine laboratory tests.

Counselling the patient

  • Never take this with nitrate heart medicines or recreational nitrates ('poppers').
  • Seek urgent help for a prolonged erection or sudden visual or hearing disturbance.
  • It works only with sexual stimulation and may take some time to begin working.

Evidence & guidelines

Vardenafil is an established PDE5 inhibitor for erectile dysfunction; refer to NICE guidance and the SPC for indications and cautions.

Reference: NICE NG44 (Erectile Dysfunction); EAU Sexual Dysfunction Guidelines 2024; Drug verified in RxNorm (NLM); confirm dosing against the manufacturer SPC (eMC). Verify against your local formulary and current prescribing references before prescribing. The structured dose values shown have been reviewed by a clinician. Monograph status: clinician-reviewed (2026-07-04).

Related

Curated clinical cross-links plus same-class fallbacks.