Vardenafil
Brand names: Levitra, Vivanza
Vardenafil is a phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor used to treat erectile dysfunction in adult men.
Adult dose
Dose adjustments
eMC §4.2: 'No dose adjustment is required in patients with mild to moderate renal impairment. In patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance <30 ml/min), a starting dose of 5 mg should be considered. Based on tolerability and efficacy the dose may be increased to 10 mg and 20 mg.' End stage renal disease requiring dialysis is contraindicated (§4.3); the US label states 'Do not use vardenafil hydrochloride tablets in patients on renal dialysis.'
Dose auto-extracted from UK Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) via the eMC; US FDA prescribing information (openFDA / DailyMed) — cross-check; US labelling may differ from UK — not yet clinician-verified. Always confirm against the product SmPC and your local formulary before prescribing.
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients
- Co-administration with nitrates or nitric oxide donors (such as amyl nitrite) in any form
- Co-administration with guanylate cyclase stimulators such as riociguat (risk of symptomatic hypotension)
- Loss of vision in one eye because of non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (NAION), whether or not connected with previous PDE5 inhibitor exposure
- Men for whom sexual activity is inadvisable, e.g. severe cardiovascular disorders such as unstable angina or severe cardiac failure (NYHA III or IV)
- Severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh C); end stage renal disease requiring dialysis; hypotension (blood pressure <90/50 mmHg); recent history of stroke or myocardial infarction (within the last 6 months); unstable angina; known hereditary retinal degenerative disorders such as retinitis pigmentosa
- Concomitant use with the potent CYP3A4 inhibitors ketoconazole and itraconazole (oral form) in men older than 75 years
- Concomitant use with HIV protease inhibitors such as ritonavir and indinavir (very potent CYP3A4 inhibitors)
Side effects
- Headache — very common (≥1/10), the most commonly reported adverse reaction; elderly patients (≥65 years) taking 20 mg had higher frequencies of headache (16.2% versus 11.8%)
- Flushing, nasal congestion, dizziness and dyspepsia (common)
- Visual disturbance, ocular hyperaemia, visual colour distortions, eye pain and eye discomfort, photophobia, tinnitus and vertigo (uncommon); non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy, visual defects and central serous chorioretinopathy (rare/not known)
- Palpitation, tachycardia, hypotension, hypertension, dyspnoea, sinus congestion, back pain, myalgia and increased creatine phosphokinase (uncommon); myocardial infarction, ventricular tachyarrhythmias, angina pectoris and sudden death (rare)
- Increase in erection, priapism, penile haemorrhage, haematospermia and haematuria; allergic oedema and angioedema, rash, photosensitivity reaction and Stevens-Johnson syndrome / toxic epidermal necrolysis; syncope, seizure, amnesia, transient ischaemic attack and cerebral haemorrhage (rare)
Interactions
- Nitrates and nitric oxide donors — co-administration is contraindicated (potentiation of hypotensive effects)
- Guanylate cyclase stimulators such as riociguat — co-administration is contraindicated
- Potent CYP3A4 inhibitors — HIV protease inhibitors (ritonavir, indinavir) contraindicated; ketoconazole and itraconazole (oral) contraindicated in men older than 75 years
- Moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors such as erythromycin or clarithromycin — the vardenafil dose should not exceed 5 mg
- Alpha-blockers — concomitant use may lead to symptomatic hypotension as both are vasodilators; start vardenafil at 5 mg only in patients stabilised on alpha-blocker therapy; may be given at any time with tamsulosin or alfuzosin, otherwise consider a time separation of dosing; in patients already on an optimised vardenafil dose, alpha-blocker therapy should be started at the lowest dose
Clinical monograph
How it works
It selectively inhibits PDE5, preventing the breakdown of cyclic GMP and enhancing nitric oxide-mediated smooth muscle relaxation, which increases penile blood flow during sexual stimulation.
Prescribing in practice
- It is contraindicated with nitrates or nicorandil because of the risk of severe, potentially fatal hypotension.
- It can prolong the QT interval, so it should be avoided in patients with relevant risk factors or taking other QT-prolonging medicines, including certain antiarrhythmics.
- Caution and dose consideration apply with alpha-blockers and potent CYP3A4 inhibitors owing to additive hypotension and increased exposure.
Monitoring
Assess cardiovascular fitness for sexual activity before prescribing and review efficacy and tolerability rather than relying on routine laboratory tests.
Counselling the patient
- Never take this with nitrate heart medicines or recreational nitrates ('poppers').
- Seek urgent help for a prolonged erection or sudden visual or hearing disturbance.
- It works only with sexual stimulation and may take some time to begin working.
Evidence & guidelines
Vardenafil is an established PDE5 inhibitor for erectile dysfunction; refer to NICE guidance and the SPC for indications and cautions.
Reference: NICE NG44 (Erectile Dysfunction); EAU Sexual Dysfunction Guidelines 2024; Drug verified in RxNorm (NLM); confirm dosing against the manufacturer SPC (eMC). Verify against your local formulary and current prescribing references before prescribing. The structured dose values shown have been reviewed by a clinician. Monograph status: clinician-reviewed (2026-07-04).
Related
Curated clinical cross-links plus same-class fallbacks.
- Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) Score · Sepsis / Organ Failure
- Multiple Organ Dysfunction Score (MODS) · Organ Failure Assessment
- Logistic Organ Dysfunction Score (LODS) · ICU Scoring
- Composite Pulmonary Embolism Shock (CPES) Score · Pulmonary Embolism
- EUROMACS-RHF Score for Right Heart Failure after LVAD · Heart Failure
- SMART Risk Score for Recurrent CVD · Cardiovascular Risk