Urology
Renal Cell Carcinoma
Often incidental; nephrectomy / partial / ablation; targeted therapy + immunotherapy in advanced.
Source: NICE NG12; BAUS
Step 1 of ~2
info
Recognise + Workup
>50% incidentally on imaging.
Classic triad (rare): flank pain + haematuria + palpable mass — advanced.
Paraneoplastic: hypertension, polycythaemia (EPO), hypercalcaemia (PTHrP), Stauffer syndrome, weight loss.
Metastatic at presentation in 30%: lung, bone, liver, brain.
Risk: smoking, obesity, HTN, family history, VHL, tuberous sclerosis, ESRD on dialysis.
Workup:
• CT abdomen + chest with IV contrast.
• MRI for IVC tumour thrombus.
• Bloods: FBC (polycythaemia), U&E, LFTs, calcium, ALP, LDH.
• Renal biopsy in selected.
• Bone scan if bone pain / ↑ ALP.
• Brain MRI if symptoms.
Related
Curated clinical cross-links plus same-class fallbacks.
Drugs
- Buprenorphine (Opioid Dependence) · Partial Opioid Agonist (Opioid Substitution Therapy)
- Buprenorphine / Naloxone (Sublingual) · Opioid Partial Agonist — Opioid Substitution Therapy (OST)
- Lutetium-177 PSMA-617 · PSMA-Targeted Radioligand Therapy
- Inclisiran · PCSK9-targeted siRNA
- Celiprolol hydrochloride · Cardioselective beta-blocker (β1 + β2 partial agonist)
- Grass pollen extracts · Allergen immunotherapy
Decision support only. Always apply local guidelines and clinical judgement.