Acetylcholine 1% Intraocular Solution
Brand names: Miochol-E
Intraocular acetylcholine solution is a cholinergic agent instilled into the anterior chamber during ophthalmic surgery to produce rapid, short-lived miosis after lens delivery or other anterior segment procedures.
Adult dose
Dose independently re-sourced from UK Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) via MHRA Products — clinician-reviewed. Always confirm against the product SmPC and your local formulary before prescribing.
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients
Side effects
- Rarely, effects of systemic absorption: bradycardia, hypotension, flushing, breathing difficulties and sweating
- Isolated cases of corneal oedema, corneal clouding and corneal decompensation with acetylcholine 1% solutions (causal relationship not established)
Interactions
- Reports that acetylcholine has been ineffective in patients treated with topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents
- Use in patients receiving beta-blockers may result in bronchospasm
Monitoring
- Use with caution in bronchial asthma, heart failure, hyperthyroidism, gastrointestinal spasm, peptic ulcer, urinary tract obstruction, parkinsonism
- Miosis will occur to a lesser extent in acute angle-closure glaucoma or in eyes with posterior synechiae or atrophy of the iris
- Following surgery, miosis must be maintained with a longer-acting topical miotic such as pilocarpine or physostigmine
Clinical monograph
How it works
As a direct muscarinic agonist it stimulates the iris sphincter muscle to contract, constricting the pupil promptly when applied directly within the eye.
Prescribing in practice
- It is for intraocular surgical use only and must be prepared and used immediately, as the solution is unstable in solution once reconstituted.
- Systemic muscarinic effects such as bradycardia, hypotension, bronchospasm and increased secretions can occur and should be anticipated peri-operatively.
- Caution applies in patients with asthma, significant bradyarrhythmia, peptic ulcer disease or other conditions sensitive to cholinergic stimulation.
Monitoring
Monitor heart rate, blood pressure and respiratory status during and immediately after intraocular use given the potential for systemic cholinergic effects.
Counselling the patient
- This medicine is used by the surgeon inside the eye during your operation to make the pupil smaller.
- It acts only briefly during surgery.
- Any feeling of flushing, a slow pulse or wheeze during the procedure will be managed by the theatre team.
Evidence & guidelines
Intraocular acetylcholine is a well-established agent for producing rapid miosis during anterior segment surgery, used per its SPC.
Reference: ESCRS Cataract Surgery Guidelines; SPC Miochol-E; Confirm identity and dosing against the manufacturer SPC (eMC) and NICE. Verify against your local formulary and current prescribing references before prescribing. The structured dose values shown have been reviewed by a clinician. Monograph status: clinician-reviewed (2026-07-04).
Related
Curated clinical cross-links plus same-class fallbacks.
- ASA Physical Status Classification · Pre-operative Risk
- Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI / Lee Index) · Perioperative Risk
- Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI) · Pre-operative Risk
- EuroSCORE II · Prognosis
- Gupta Perioperative Risk for MI or Cardiac Arrest (MICA) · Perioperative Risk
- ACEF II Risk Score for Cardiac Surgery · Cardiac Surgery
- Acute Red Eye / Vision Loss Screen · RCOphth 2020; NICE CKS
- Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension · ABN; consensus 2018
- Acute Red Eye Assessment · RCOphth / AAO
- Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma · RCOphth / EGS Guidelines
- Retinal Detachment · RCOphth Guidelines / EURETINA
- Diabetic Retinopathy — Screening and Management · NICE NG28 2016 / NHS DES Programme