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Cholinergic — Intraocular Miotic (Cataract Surgery) Pregnancy: The potential risk for humans is unknown. MIPHTEL should not be used during pregnancy and lactation unless clearly necessary.

Acetylcholine 1% Intraocular Solution

Brand names: Miochol-E

Intraocular acetylcholine solution is a cholinergic agent instilled into the anterior chamber during ophthalmic surgery to produce rapid, short-lived miosis after lens delivery or other anterior segment procedures.

Adult dose

Dose: 0.5-2.0 ml of the reconstituted solution (10 mg/ml acetylcholine chloride) into the anterior chamber of the eye during surgery, for rapid complete miosis (cataract surgery after delivery of the lens)
Route: Intraocular - anterior chamber of the eye during surgery
Frequency: Single application; a second application may be made at the discretion of the surgeon if prolonged miosis is required
VERBATIM UK SPC §4.2 (Miphtel 20 mg powder and solvent for solution for intraocular irrigation): 'MIPHTEL is for intraocular use. The lyophilised powder should be reconstituted with the solvent just before use as described in section 6.6. The reconstituted solution should be clear and colourless. The reconstituted solution should be slowly withdrawn from the ampoule into a suitable sterile syringe and should be administered into the anterior chamber of the eye during surgery. In cataract surgery, acetylcholine should be used only after delivery of the lens. Following surgery, if miosis is necessary, it must be maintained by longer acting topical miotics such as pilocarpine or physostigmine. Adults and Elderly In most cases a satisfactory miosis, which will last for approximately 20 minutes, is produced in seconds by 0.5-2.0ml. A second application may be made at the discretion of the surgeon if prolonged miosis is required. Children Safety and effectiveness in children has not been established.' §2: 'Each powder ampoule contains 20mg acetylcholine chloride. 2ml of the reconstituted solution contain 20mg of acetylcholine chloride. Each ml of the reconstituted solution provides 10mg of acetylcholine chloride.' §4.1: 'To obtain rapid and complete miosis after delivery of the lens in cataract surgery as well as in penetrating keratoplasty, iridectomy and other anterior segment surgery where rapid complete miosis is required.' The SPC prints no maximum volume and no paediatric dose (children: not established), so none is given.

Dose independently re-sourced from UK Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) via MHRA Products — clinician-reviewed. Always confirm against the product SmPC and your local formulary before prescribing.

Contraindications

  • Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients

Side effects

  • Rarely, effects of systemic absorption: bradycardia, hypotension, flushing, breathing difficulties and sweating
  • Isolated cases of corneal oedema, corneal clouding and corneal decompensation with acetylcholine 1% solutions (causal relationship not established)

Interactions

  • Reports that acetylcholine has been ineffective in patients treated with topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents
  • Use in patients receiving beta-blockers may result in bronchospasm

Monitoring

  • Use with caution in bronchial asthma, heart failure, hyperthyroidism, gastrointestinal spasm, peptic ulcer, urinary tract obstruction, parkinsonism
  • Miosis will occur to a lesser extent in acute angle-closure glaucoma or in eyes with posterior synechiae or atrophy of the iris
  • Following surgery, miosis must be maintained with a longer-acting topical miotic such as pilocarpine or physostigmine

Clinical monograph

How it works

As a direct muscarinic agonist it stimulates the iris sphincter muscle to contract, constricting the pupil promptly when applied directly within the eye.

Prescribing in practice

  • It is for intraocular surgical use only and must be prepared and used immediately, as the solution is unstable in solution once reconstituted.
  • Systemic muscarinic effects such as bradycardia, hypotension, bronchospasm and increased secretions can occur and should be anticipated peri-operatively.
  • Caution applies in patients with asthma, significant bradyarrhythmia, peptic ulcer disease or other conditions sensitive to cholinergic stimulation.

Monitoring

Monitor heart rate, blood pressure and respiratory status during and immediately after intraocular use given the potential for systemic cholinergic effects.

Counselling the patient

  • This medicine is used by the surgeon inside the eye during your operation to make the pupil smaller.
  • It acts only briefly during surgery.
  • Any feeling of flushing, a slow pulse or wheeze during the procedure will be managed by the theatre team.

Evidence & guidelines

Intraocular acetylcholine is a well-established agent for producing rapid miosis during anterior segment surgery, used per its SPC.

Reference: ESCRS Cataract Surgery Guidelines; SPC Miochol-E; Confirm identity and dosing against the manufacturer SPC (eMC) and NICE. Verify against your local formulary and current prescribing references before prescribing. The structured dose values shown have been reviewed by a clinician. Monograph status: clinician-reviewed (2026-07-04).

Related

Curated clinical cross-links plus same-class fallbacks.