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Non-selective beta-blocker (topical IOP reduction)

Timolol 0.25%–0.5% Eye Drops

Brand names: Timoptol, Tiopex (gel-forming)

Timolol eye drops are a topical non-selective beta-blocker used to reduce intraocular pressure in open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.

Dosing — being independently re-sourced

ClinCalc Pro is rebuilding its dose data from primary open sources — the manufacturer SmPC (eMC), the WHO Model Formulary and other official references — under clinician review. This drug's structured dose is not yet published here. Confirm all doses against the product SmPC and your local formulary before prescribing.

Clinical monograph

How it works

Timolol blocks beta-adrenoceptors on the ciliary body, decreasing aqueous humour formation and so lowering intraocular pressure.

Prescribing in practice

  • Systemic absorption can cause clinically significant beta-blockade, making it contraindicated in asthma or a history of obstructive airways disease and in significant bradycardia, heart block or uncontrolled heart failure.
  • Caution is needed with concurrent systemic beta-blockers, verapamil or other rate-limiting agents owing to additive cardiovascular effects.
  • Advise nasolacrimal occlusion or eyelid closure after instillation to minimise systemic exposure.

Monitoring

Monitor intraocular pressure to confirm efficacy and watch for systemic beta-blockade such as bradycardia or bronchospasm in susceptible patients.

Counselling the patient

  • Close the eyes and press the inner corner gently after each dose to reduce absorption into the body.
  • Seek advice if you experience wheezing, breathlessness or a slow heartbeat.
  • Use regularly even though you may not feel any different.

Evidence & guidelines

Topical timolol is a long-standing, NICE-recognised therapy for raised intraocular pressure, with established cardiorespiratory contraindications.

Reference: NICE CG85; EGS Glaucoma Guidelines; Drug verified in RxNorm (NLM); confirm dosing against the manufacturer SPC (eMC). Verify against your local formulary and current prescribing references before prescribing. Monograph status: clinician-reviewed (2026-07-04).

Related

Curated clinical cross-links plus same-class fallbacks.

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