Cardiology Calculators

Estimates annual stroke risk in non-valvular atrial fibrillation to guide anticoagulation.

Estimates 1-year risk of major bleeding in anticoagulated patients with AF.

Predicts 30-day mortality in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

Predicts in-hospital and 6-month mortality/MI in ACS (NSTEMI/UA). Uses simplified categorical version.

Corrects QT interval for heart rate using Bazett's formula. Identifies prolonged QTc risk.

Classifies heart failure severity based on functional limitation from symptoms.

Estimates 10-year cardiovascular risk (coronary heart disease). Simplified categorical version based on Wilson 1998 (male scoring).

Calculates cardiac output using the Fick principle: VO₂ divided by arteriovenous O₂ difference.

Calculates mean arterial pressure from systolic and diastolic blood pressure. MAP reflects perfusion pressure to vital organs.

Ratio of heart rate to systolic blood pressure. Identifies haemodynamically unstable patients and predicts mortality in various emergency conditions including trauma, sepsis, and obstetric emergencies.

Lee's Revised Cardiac Risk Index estimates the risk of major cardiac events (MI, cardiac arrest, complete heart block, pulmonary oedema) in non-cardiac surgery

Original CHADS₂ score for estimating stroke risk in non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Largely superseded by CHA₂DS₂-VASc but still widely referenced.

Modified Duke Criteria stratify patients into definite, possible, or rejected infective endocarditis (IE) based on major and minor clinical and microbiological criteria

4-step algorithm to differentiate ventricular tachycardia (VT) from supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) with aberrancy on a 12-lead ECG. Sensitivity ~99%, specificity ~97% for VT.

Identifies STEMI in the presence of left bundle branch block (LBBB) using 3 ECG criteria. Modified Sgarbossa uses proportional ST/S ratio ≥ 0.25 instead of absolute ≥1mm concordance.

Estimates the risk of in-hospital major bleeding in patients with NSTEMI/ACS. Considers haematocrit, creatinine clearance, heart rate, sex, signs of heart failure, prior vascular disease, diabetes, and SBP.

Predicts the annual risk of recurrent VTE after discontinuing anticoagulation following a first unprovoked VTE event, to guide duration of therapy

Estimates functional capacity (metabolic equivalents, METs) from self-reported ability to perform 12 common activities of daily living. Used for pre-operative cardiac risk assessment.

Estimates myocardial oxygen demand as the product of heart rate and systolic blood pressure. Used to assess cardiovascular workload during exercise testing or perioperative monitoring.

Classifies severity of acute myocardial infarction based on clinical features of heart failure. Predicts in-hospital mortality.

Predicts in-hospital mortality after adult cardiac surgery. Replaces additive and logistic EuroSCORE.

Estimates annual major bleeding risk in AF patients on anticoagulation. 11-component mnemonic score.

5-component score predicting 6-week MACE (death, MI, revascularisation) in ED chest pain. Score ≥ 4 warrants admission and further workup.

7-point score predicting 14-day risk of all-cause mortality, new or recurrent MI, or severe recurrent ischaemia requiring revascularisation in UA/NSTEMI.

Score for low-risk chest pain in the ED, intended for use with 2h serial troponin to identify patients safe for early discharge. Validated with high-sensitivity troponin.

Predicts major bleeding risk in patients with atrial fibrillation on warfarin anticoagulation. Complements HAS-BLED.

Meta-Analysis Global Group in Chronic Heart Failure (MAGGIC) score predicts 1-year and 3-year all-cause mortality in chronic heart failure.

Predicts stroke/thromboembolism risk in AF patients. Continuous score 0–15. Developed from the ATRIA study (13 000+ AF patients).

Predicts risk of perioperative myocardial infarction or cardiac arrest. Based on 5 factors. More precise than RCRI for non-cardiac surgery.

Stratifies mortality risk in hospitalised acute decompensated heart failure using 3 readily available parameters. Simple decision tree.

MSI = Heart Rate / Mean Arterial Pressure. More sensitive than standard shock index for detecting haemodynamic instability in trauma, sepsis, and haemorrhage.

Corrects QT interval for heart rate using cube root formula. Preferred over Bazett at extremes of heart rate (tachycardia/bradycardia).

Predicts risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in surgical patients. Guides thromboprophylaxis decisions. Score 0–19+.

Predicts VTE risk in hospitalised medical (non-surgical) patients. Guides pharmacological thromboprophylaxis decisions.

Estimates 10-year risk of first atherosclerotic cardiovascular event (MI or fatal CVD) in patients without prior ASCVD. Guides statin therapy decisions.

Simple bedside risk index predicting 30-day mortality in STEMI. Calculated as: heart rate × (age/10)² / systolic BP.

Modified version of Sgarbossa criteria using proportional (ratio-based) ST deviation rather than absolute 5 mm threshold for identifying STEMI in LBBB/paced rhythm.

Distinguishes true Brugada syndrome from Brugada phenocopy (BrP) — transient Brugada ECG pattern due to reversible conditions. High score = true Brugada syndrome.

AHA/ACC 2023 PREVENT equations predict 10- and 30-year risk of total cardiovascular disease (CVD) events including heart failure. Replaces pooled cohort equations. Validated across diverse populations.

Rapid history- and ECG-based ACS risk stratification tool. Can be applied before troponin results, enabling early rule-out in the ED. Developed and validated in Manchester, UK.

Heart Failure Society of America (HFSA) risk stratification for acute heart failure. Predicts 60-day mortality or rehospitalisation from clinical and laboratory variables.

Biomarker-based bleeding risk score for patients with AF on oral anticoagulation. Outperforms HAS-BLED in some cohorts. Uses troponin, GDF-15, and haemoglobin alongside clinical variables.

Identifies high-risk syncope patients requiring urgent evaluation. Mnemonic: CHESS.

Predicts 12-month all-cause mortality in patients with syncope.

Differentiates cardiac from non-cardiac syncope. Score ≥3 suggests cardiac aetiology.

Risk Stratification of Syncope in the Emergency Department. Any criterion = high risk.

Identifies high-risk syncope features requiring hospital admission.

Classifies heart failure progression into stages A–D to guide therapy and prognosis.

Diagnoses clinical heart failure. Requires 2 major OR 1 major + 2 minor criteria.

Estimates probability of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF) in patients with unexplained dyspnoea.

Identifies ED patients with acute heart failure at high risk for serious adverse events within 14 days.

Predicts in-hospital mortality for acute heart failure using admission variables.

Stratifies risk of MACE in acute chest pain — simplified HEART Score without troponin component.

Predicts need for intensive care (haemodynamic/respiratory support or death) in NSTEMI within 48 hours.

Estimates probability of cardiac chest pain in primary care settings.

Predicts probability of cardiac chest pain in primary care. Score ≥1 suggests cardiac cause.

Predicts major bleeding risk in atrial fibrillation patients on anticoagulation.

Identifies low-risk women with unprovoked VTE who can safely discontinue anticoagulation. Not validated in men.

Determines whether to continue dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) beyond 12 months after PCI with drug-eluting stent.

Predicts risk of major bleeding during first 3 months of anticoagulation for VTE.

Estimates in-hospital mortality risk in infective endocarditis using clinical variables at presentation.

2023 ACC/AHA updated AF stroke risk score — sex removed as criterion. Score ≥ 2 recommends anticoagulation in all patients.

Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) simplified guideline for anticoagulation in AF. Age ≥65 or CHADS2 ≥1 → anticoagulate.

Predicts risk of drug-induced QT prolongation in hospitalised patients.

Predicts 30-day mortality after elective or emergency cardiac surgery using simple preoperative variables.

Predicts risk of acute renal failure requiring dialysis after cardiac surgery.

Simple anaesthesiologist-assigned risk classification for cardiac surgery based on urgency and comorbidities.

Predicts risk of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Risk-stratifies patients with suspected acute aortic dissection. Score 0 = very low risk; allows rule-out without CT.

Estimates probability that a patent foramen ovale (PFO) is responsible for a cryptogenic stroke. Higher score = PFO more likely to be causal.

Classifies severity of angina pectoris into functional classes to guide investigation and treatment.

Predicts cardiovascular mortality risk from exercise stress testing. Score = Exercise time (min) − (5 × ST deviation mm) − (4 × Angina index).

Measures cardiac mechanical power — strongest haemodynamic predictor of mortality in cardiogenic shock. CPO = (MAP × CO) / 451.

Predicts 10-year cardiovascular event risk in women ≥ 45 years without prior CVD, adding hsCRP and family history to traditional risk factors.

Predicts neurologically intact survival to hospital discharge after in-hospital CPR. Assists goals-of-care discussions.

Estimates 5-year risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy to guide ICD implantation (ESC 2014 model).

Academic Research Consortium for High Bleeding Risk (ARC-HBR) criteria. HBR = 1 major OR ≥ 2 minor criteria. Guides DAPT duration post-PCI.

European Heart Score 2 — estimates 10-year risk of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events for adults aged 40–69 without known CVD or diabetes.

SCORE2 for Older Persons — estimates 5-year and 10-year CVD risk in adults aged ≥ 70 years without established CVD.

Distinguishes subtle anterior STEMI (OMI) from early repolarisation pattern using 4 ECG measurements from leads V2–V4 and aVR. Score > 22.9 = STEMI.

Predicts 1-year survival in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) using clinical, haemodynamic, and echocardiographic parameters.

Predicts out-of-hospital bleeding risk during dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) to guide DAPT duration decisions post-PCI.

Updated 2023 Duke criteria incorporating CT, PET-CT, and MRI findings for IE diagnosis. Classification: Definite, Possible, or Rejected.

Identifies hospitalised patients at high risk for cardiac arrest within 24 hours using four vital sign thresholds.

Predicts severe right heart failure (RHF) requiring short-term mechanical circulatory support after LVAD implantation.

Accelerated Diagnostic Protocol for Chest Pain using TIMI score, ECG, and 0h/2h high-sensitivity troponin. Identifies low-risk patients for early ED discharge. 30-day MACE risk <1% in low-risk group. Validated in ADAPT and APACE trials.

Risk model from the Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-AF study. Predicts 1-year risk of stroke/SE, major bleeding, and all-cause mortality in newly diagnosed non-valvular AF. Adds smoking and renal function to traditional CHA2DS2-VASc variables.

ESC 2023 model estimating 10-year cardiovascular disease risk in people with type 2 diabetes aged 40 to 69 without established CVD. Extends standard SCORE2 by incorporating HbA1c, diabetes duration, and eGFR. Guides statin intensity and SGLT-2 inhibitor or GLP-1 RA therapy decisions.

Single time-point decision aid using high-sensitivity troponin T and 5 clinical variables to rule in or rule out AMI at presentation. Validated prospectively in multiple cohorts. Avoids the need for 3-hour serial troponin in very-low-risk patients.

Clinical risk score predicting 7-day mortality in emergency department patients presenting with acute heart failure. Based on 8 variables assessed at ED arrival. Validated in the Ontario HF registry. Guides admission versus discharge decision-making.

Clinical score predicting neurological outcome (CPC 1 or 2 at 30 days) in patients resuscitated from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Based on 8 variables at ED arrival. Validated in French multicentre cohorts. Low score indicates favourable neurological outcome.

Clinical prediction rule identifying patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia at high risk for infective endocarditis requiring echocardiography. Validated in French multicentre cohorts. Score at or above 3 indicates echocardiography is required.

Practical scoring tool to guide DOAC selection over warfarin in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Considers renal function, drug interactions, adherence, and patient-specific factors.

Multivariable model for predicting 1-year and mean survival in patients with heart failure. Validated in over 9,000 patients across multiple trials. Estimates absolute and relative benefit of HF interventions.

Predicts risk of developing cardiogenic shock in patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Validated in STEMI and NSTEMI populations to identify high-risk patients for early intensive monitoring.

Validated pre-ECMO score predicting in-hospital survival for patients requiring veno-arterial ECMO for refractory cardiogenic shock. Helps guide patient selection and family counselling.

Clinical classification system assessing likelihood that a patent foramen ovale (PFO) was the cause of cryptogenic stroke, to guide PFO closure decisions. Based on RoPE score and echocardiographic features.

Predicts favourable neurological outcome (CPC 1-2) after ECPR (extracorporeal CPR using VA-ECMO) for refractory in-hospital cardiac arrest. Helps guide appropriate patient selection for this resource-intensive intervention.

Three-stage clinical staging system for transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) based on NT-proBNP and eGFR. Predicts median survival and guides treatment eligibility (tafamidis, CTRN gene silencers).

Calculates heart rate-corrected QT interval (QTc) using the Bazett formula (most widely used clinically). Prolonged QTc is associated with risk of Torsades de Pointes and sudden cardiac death.

Predicts risk of symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage (sICH) after IV tPA (alteplase) thrombolysis in acute ischaemic stroke. Calculated at admission, before tPA administration.

Predicts survival to hospital discharge for patients undergoing ECPR (extracorporeal CPR) for refractory cardiac arrest including accidental hypothermia. Validated for both hypothermic and normothermic ECPR patients.

Observatoire Regional Breton sur l Infarctus (ORBI) score predicts major bleeding risk after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) for STEMI, to guide antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy decisions.

Predicts 30-day all-cause hospital readmission after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) discharge. Validated to identify high-risk patients for intensive post-discharge follow-up and care transition support.

Clinical prediction rule developed in the emergency department to diagnose acute heart failure (AHF) in adults presenting with acute dyspnoea when BNP is unavailable. Based on history and physical examination.

10-year risk prediction model for incident heart failure in patients without current HF. Uses clinical and laboratory variables to identify patients who may benefit from primary HF prevention strategies.

The American University of Beirut (AUB-HAS2) index predicts cardiovascular risk in Middle Eastern and Arab populations, accounting for sex differences. Validated as a region-specific alternative to Framingham.

Alternative three-stage clinical staging for ATTR-CM using NT-proBNP and troponin T. Complements the Gillmore staging system; validated in the Mayo Clinic ATTR-CM cohort.

Identifies high-risk pulmonary embolism patients at risk for haemodynamic deterioration and cardiogenic shock requiring reperfusion (thrombolysis or embolectomy). Complements PESI and sPESI in intermediate-risk PE.

Predicts major adverse cardiac events (MACE) within 30 days of orthotopic liver transplantation. Developed to guide pre-transplant cardiac evaluation and identify patients requiring intensive peri-operative cardiac management.

ORBIT (Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation) bleeding risk score for predicting major bleeding during anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation. Validated in over 7,400 AF patients.

Calculates cardiac output, cardiac index, and stroke volume from invasive haemodynamic measurements. Uses the Fick principle (O2 consumption) or thermodilution (Swan-Ganz catheter).

European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation II. Estimates operative mortality risk for adult cardiac surgery. Updated model from EuroSCORE I with improved calibration.

Predicts 30-day mortality after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) to guide ICU admission and goals-of-care decisions.

Evaluation of Guidelines in SYncope Study score. Identifies cardiac vs non-cardiac cause of syncope to guide investigation and risk stratification.

Updated 2023 Duke-ISCVID criteria for diagnosis of infective endocarditis (IE), replacing the original 2000 Duke criteria. Incorporates PET/CT and new pathogen definitions.

Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry (ADHERE) classification and regression tree. Predicts in-hospital mortality in patients admitted with ADHF using BUN, creatinine, and systolic BP.

Predicts risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring dialysis after cardiac surgery. Helps identify high-risk patients for preventive strategies.

Canadian Cardiovascular Society simplified stroke risk score for atrial fibrillation. Recommends anticoagulation based on age ≥65 or any CHADS risk factor.

Balances ischaemic benefit vs bleeding risk of prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after drug-eluting stent (DES) placement. Guides decision to continue or stop DAPT after 12 months.

Cardiac Arrest Risk Triage (CART) score. Predicts in-hospital cardiac arrest within 48 hours in ward patients. Enables early escalation to prevent avoidable arrests.

Predicts 7-day risk of stroke after TIA or minor stroke. Guides urgency of investigation and disposition from the emergency department.

Framingham Heart Study clinical criteria for the diagnosis of heart failure. Requires 2 major OR 1 major + 2 minor criteria for diagnosis. Remains widely used in clinical practice and research.

Predicts right heart failure (RHF) after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. Identifies patients at high risk who may benefit from RVAD or early optimisation.

Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) risk score for Unstable Angina and Non-ST-elevation MI. Predicts 14-day risk of death, MI, or urgent revascularisation.

Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score. Predicts in-hospital and 6-month mortality in patients with ACS (STEMI, NSTEMI, UA). The recommended risk stratification tool in ESC NSTEMI guidelines.

Anatomical scoring system grading complexity of coronary artery disease on angiography. Guides decision between PCI and CABG in multivessel or left main disease.

2013 ACC/AHA Pooled Cohort Equations. Estimates 10-year risk of first atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) event. Guides statin therapy initiation per ACC/AHA guidelines.

Cohort for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) AF score. Predicts 5-year risk of developing new-onset atrial fibrillation in patients in sinus rhythm.

Simpson's biplane method of discs for measuring left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) on echocardiography. Gold standard 2D echo technique using apical 4-chamber and 2-chamber views.

Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease (SMART) risk score. Predicts 10-year risk of recurrent cardiovascular events in patients with established atherosclerotic vascular disease.

AHA 2023 PREVENT equations. Updated 10- and 30-year CVD risk prediction including heart failure. Incorporates eGFR, replaces race-specific coefficients, applicable ages 30–79.

Meta-Analysis Global Group in Chronic Heart Failure (MAGGIC) risk calculator. Predicts 1- and 3-year all-cause mortality in patients with heart failure (both HFrEF and HFpEF).

Estimates right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) / pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) from Doppler echocardiography using tricuspid regurgitation jet velocity. Normal PASP <35 mmHg.

2016 ASE/EACVI algorithm for grading left ventricular diastolic dysfunction using 4 variables: mitral annular e', E/e' ratio, left atrial volume index, and peak TR velocity.

Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (TAPSE). Simple M-mode echocardiographic measure of RV longitudinal systolic function. Normal TAPSE ≥17 mm. Reduced TAPSE correlates with worse outcomes in PAH and right heart failure.

Wellens' syndrome: ECG pattern in unstable angina indicating critical proximal LAD stenosis. Two patterns: Type A (biphasic T waves V2-V3) and Type B (deep symmetric T-wave inversions V2-V3). High risk of anterior MI without intervention.

Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) timing assessment guide. Correct timing ensures optimal augmentation of diastolic pressure and afterload reduction. Identifies early/late inflation and deflation errors.

ST elevation in lead aVR (especially ≥1 mm) with diffuse ST depression in ≥6 leads is a high-risk ECG pattern suggesting left main coronary artery or proximal LAD occlusion. Associated with high mortality.

de Winter's ECG pattern: STEMI-equivalent caused by proximal LAD occlusion but without ST elevation. Characterised by upsloping ST depression + tall peaked T waves in precordial leads. Requires immediate reperfusion.

Rapid risk stratification for chest pain patients in ED. Predicts 30-day MACE (death, MI, revascularisation). Guides safe discharge vs admission.

Classifies clinical severity of heart failure complicating acute MI. Predicts in-hospital mortality and guides ICU admission decisions.

Estimates pre-test probability (PTP) of obstructive coronary artery disease in stable chest pain (ESC 2019 guidelines). Guides non-invasive testing.

Classifies aortic stenosis severity from echocardiographic parameters per ACC/AHA 2021 guidelines. Guides timing of intervention (TAVI or SAVR).

Guides choice of P2Y12 inhibitor in ACS/PCI. Ticagrelor preferred in high ischaemic risk; clopidogrel preferred in high bleeding risk.

Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score predicts in-hospital and 6-month mortality in ACS. Guides invasive vs conservative strategy.

WHO/NYHA functional classification for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Guides treatment escalation and transplant listing criteria.

Diagnoses acute pericarditis and stratifies for inpatient admission using Imazio high-risk criteria. Guides aspirin/NSAID + colchicine therapy.

Identifies suspected myocarditis using ESC 2013 diagnostic criteria. Guides CMR, endomyocardial biopsy, and activity restriction.

Guides assessment and management of narrow complex tachycardia (SVT/AVNRT) including vagal manoeuvres and adenosine dosing by body weight.

Identifies cardiac tamponade using clinical signs and echocardiographic features. Guides urgent pericardiocentesis.

Identifies Brugada syndrome pattern on ECG — a cause of sudden cardiac death in structurally normal hearts. Guides electrophysiology referral and ICD consideration.

Estimates probability of congenital Long QT Syndrome using Schwartz-Moss criteria. Guides genetic testing, beta-blocker therapy, and ICD consideration.

Assesses late complications of Fontan circulation in adults and children with single-ventricle physiology. Guides surveillance intensity and intervention timing.

Assesses eligibility for PCSK9 inhibitor therapy (evolocumab/alirocumab) per NICE TA394/TA385 criteria for high-risk cardiovascular patients.